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Merge from origin/emacs-26

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0276743 (origin/emacs-26) Doc string fix in latin-alt.el
c9269af Minor improvements in package.texi
898a3e4 Minor improvement in Emacs user manual
8f7d718 * doc/lispref/anti.texi (Antinews): Replace 25.2 with 25.3.
989d0af Improve documentation of mini-window resizing
923e415 More changes in the Emacs manual
565adf2 Clarify that text-quoting-style doesn't affect *Info* (Bug#24...
2dd273b Mention that shell quoting of % on w32 may fail (Bug#19350)
19fa6d5 Fix --no-build-details for w32 and macOS
979944c * doc/lispref/anti.texi (Antinews): Add some more antinews.
c2727e3 Fix crashes when run with --no-build-details
dc08490 More changes for the manual
04c5bd5 Doc fixes for process functions (Bug#30349)
e209034 Fix shr and CSS 4 color maps
5fe8192 Yet another round of improvements in the manual

Conflicts:
	doc/emacs/files.texi
	test/lisp/subr-tests.el
This commit is contained in:
Glenn Morris 2018-02-09 11:12:48 -08:00
commit 875cb835f0
43 changed files with 484 additions and 328 deletions
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20
doc/emacs/anti.texi
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
@c Update the emacs.texi Antinews menu entry with the above version number.
For those users who live backwards in time, here is information
about downgrading to Emacs version 25.2. We hope you will enjoy the
about downgrading to Emacs version 25.3. We hope you will enjoy the
greater simplicity that results from the absence of many @w{Emacs
@value{EMACSVER}} features.
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ development will make that unnecessary.
@item
The @option{--fg-daemon} is gone, leaving only @option{--daemon}. No
need to procrastinate on the dilemma whether you do or don't want the
need to procrastinate on the dilemma whether you do or do not want the
new shiny ``headless Emacs'' thingy. Hail, simplicity!
@item
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ should be monochrome, but you will have to keep downgrading to older
Emacs versions to have that feature back.)
@item
Emacs 25.2 no longer supports magic signatures of the form
Emacs 25.3 no longer supports magic signatures of the form
@samp{#!/usr/bin/env @var{interpreter}} in scripts. Moving back in
time means you are getting closer to the ideal of the original Unix
design where all the interpreters lived in a single directory
@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ ballast.
The double-buffering feature of Emacs display on X has been removed.
We decided that its complexity and a few random surprising
side-effects aren't justified by the gains, even though those gains
were hailed in some quarters. Yes, Emacs 25.2 will flicker in some
use cases, but we are sure Emacs users will be able to suck it, a they
have been doing for years. Since this feature is gone, we've also
removed the @code{inhibit-double-buffering} frame parameter, which is
now unnecessary.
were hailed in some quarters. Yes, Emacs 25.3 will flicker in some
use cases, but we are sure Emacs users will be able to suck it, as
they have been doing for years. Since this feature is gone, we've
also removed the @code{inhibit-double-buffering} frame parameter,
which is now unnecessary.
@item
Non-breaking hyphens and ASCII characters displayed instead of
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ all those fancy options!
@item
The complication known as ``single-line horizontal scrolling'' is no
longer with you in Emacs 25.2. This feature was a bow to ``other
longer with you in Emacs 25.3. This feature was a bow to ``other
editors''; instead, let those other editors bow to Emacs by hscrolling
the entire window at all times. Repeat after me: ``The Emacs way is
the Only Way!''
@ -166,5 +166,5 @@ removed. Examples include @code{replace-buffer-contents} and
@item
To keep up with decreasing computer memory capacity and disk space, many
other functions and files have been eliminated in Emacs 25.2.
other functions and files have been eliminated in Emacs 25.3.
@end itemize

110
doc/emacs/arevert-xtra.texi
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@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ explained in the corresponding sections.
@menu
* Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu.
* Auto Reverting Dired:: Auto Revert of Dired buffers.
* Supporting additional buffers:: How to add more Auto Revert support.
@end menu
@node Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu
@ -68,13 +67,9 @@ automatically erasing the marks.
@node Auto Reverting Dired
@subsection Auto Reverting Dired buffers
Auto-reverting Dired buffers currently works on GNU or Unix style
operating systems. It may not work satisfactorily on some other
systems.
Dired buffers only auto-revert when the file list of the buffer's main
directory changes (e.g., when a new file is added). They do not
auto-revert when information about a particular file changes
directory changes (e.g., when a new file is added or deleted). They
do not auto-revert when information about a particular file changes
(e.g., when the size changes) or when inserted subdirectories change.
To be sure that @emph{all} listed information is up to date, you have
to manually revert using @kbd{g}, @emph{even} if auto-reverting is
@ -98,99 +93,10 @@ If you want auto-reverting to resume in the presence of marks and
flags, mark the buffer non-modified using @kbd{M-~}. However, adding,
deleting or changing marks or flags will mark it modified again.
Remote Dired buffers are not auto-reverted (because it may be slow).
Neither are Dired buffers for which you used shell wildcards or file
arguments to list only some of the files. @file{*Find*} and
@file{*Locate*} buffers do not auto-revert either.
Remote Dired buffers are currently not auto-reverted. Neither are
Dired buffers for which you used shell wildcards or file arguments to
list only some of the files. @file{*Find*} and @file{*Locate*}
buffers do not auto-revert either.
@c FIXME? This should be in the elisp manual?
@node Supporting additional buffers
@subsection Adding Support for Auto-Reverting additional Buffers.
This section is intended for Elisp programmers who would like to add
support for auto-reverting new types of buffers.
To support auto-reverting the buffer must first of all have a suitable
@code{revert-buffer-function}. @xref{Definition of
revert-buffer-function,, Reverting, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
In addition, it must have a suitable @code{buffer-stale-function}.
@c FIXME only defvar in all of doc/emacs!
@defvar buffer-stale-function
The value of this variable is a function to check whether a
buffer needs reverting. This should be a function with one optional
argument @var{noconfirm}. The function should return non-@code{nil}
if the buffer should be reverted. The buffer is current when this
function is called.
While this function is mainly intended for use in auto-reverting, it
could be used for other purposes as well. For instance, if
auto-reverting is not enabled, it could be used to warn the user that
the buffer needs reverting. The idea behind the @var{noconfirm}
argument is that it should be @code{t} if the buffer is going to be
reverted without asking the user and @code{nil} if the function is
just going to be used to warn the user that the buffer is out of date.
In particular, for use in auto-reverting, @var{noconfirm} is @code{t}.
If the function is only going to be used for auto-reverting, you can
ignore the @var{noconfirm} argument.
If you just want to automatically auto-revert every
@code{auto-revert-interval} seconds (like the Buffer Menu), use:
@example
(setq-local buffer-stale-function
#'(lambda (&optional noconfirm) 'fast))
@end example
@noindent
in the buffer's mode function.
The special return value @samp{fast} tells the caller that the need
for reverting was not checked, but that reverting the buffer is fast.
It also tells Auto Revert not to print any revert messages, even if
@code{auto-revert-verbose} is non-@code{nil}. This is important, as
getting revert messages every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds can
be very annoying. The information provided by this return value could
also be useful if the function is consulted for purposes other than
auto-reverting.
@end defvar
Once the buffer has a suitable @code{revert-buffer-function} and
@code{buffer-stale-function}, several problems usually remain.
The buffer will only auto-revert if it is marked unmodified. Hence,
you will have to make sure that various functions mark the buffer
modified if and only if either the buffer contains information that
might be lost by reverting, or there is reason to believe that the user
might be inconvenienced by auto-reverting, because he is actively
working on the buffer. The user can always override this by manually
adjusting the modified status of the buffer. To support this, calling
the @code{revert-buffer-function} on a buffer that is marked
unmodified should always keep the buffer marked unmodified.
It is important to assure that point does not continuously jump around
as a consequence of auto-reverting. Of course, moving point might be
inevitable if the buffer radically changes.
You should make sure that the @code{revert-buffer-function} does not
print messages that unnecessarily duplicate Auto Revert's own messages,
displayed if @code{auto-revert-verbose} is @code{t}, and effectively
override a @code{nil} value for @code{auto-revert-verbose}. Hence,
adapting a mode for auto-reverting often involves getting rid of such
messages. This is especially important for buffers that automatically
revert every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds.
If the new auto-reverting is part of Emacs, you should mention it
in the documentation string of @code{global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers}.
@ifinfo
Similarly, you should add a node to this chapter's menu. This node
@end ifinfo
@ifnotinfo
Similarly, you should add a section to this chapter. This section
@end ifnotinfo
should at the very least make clear whether enabling auto-reverting
for the buffer reliably assures that all information in the buffer is
completely up to date (or will be after @code{auto-revert-interval}
seconds).
Note that auto-reverting Dired buffers may not work satisfactorily on
some systems.

13
doc/emacs/basic.texi
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@ -189,8 +189,9 @@ Move forward one character (@code{forward-char}).
This command (@code{right-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-f}, with one
exception: when editing right-to-left scripts such as Arabic, it
instead moves @emph{backward} if the current paragraph is a
right-to-left paragraph. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}. If
@code{visual-order-cursor-movement} is non-@code{nil}, this command
right-to-left paragraph. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
If @code{visual-order-cursor-movement} is non-@code{nil}, this command
moves to the character that is to the right of the current screen
position, moving to the next or previous screen line as appropriate.
Note that this might potentially move point many buffer positions
@ -206,10 +207,10 @@ Move backward one character (@code{backward-char}).
@findex left-char
This command (@code{left-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-b}, except it
moves @emph{forward} if the current paragraph is right-to-left.
@xref{Bidirectional Editing}. If @code{visual-order-cursor-movement}
is non-@code{nil}, this command moves to the character that is to the
left of the current screen position, moving to the previous or next
screen line as appropriate.
@xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
The variable @code{visual-order-cursor-movement} affects this like
@key{RIGHT}, but moving left instead of right on the screen.
@item C-n
@itemx @key{DOWN}

31
doc/emacs/building.texi
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@ -384,6 +384,10 @@ grep -nH -e foo *.el | grep bar | grep toto
can find the corresponding lines in the original files using @w{@kbd{C-x
`}}, @key{RET}, and so forth, just like compilation errors.
As with compilation commands (@pxref{Compilation}), while the grep
command runs, the mode line is updated to show the number of matches
that have been seen so far.
Some grep programs accept a @samp{--color} option to output special
markers around matches for the purpose of highlighting. You can make
use of this feature by setting @code{grep-highlight-matches} to
@ -607,15 +611,16 @@ to recompile and restart the program.
@vindex gud-tooltip-echo-area
GUD Tooltip mode is a global minor mode that adds tooltip support to
GUD@. To toggle this mode, type @kbd{M-x gud-tooltip-mode}. It is
disabled by default. If enabled, you can move the mouse cursor over a
disabled by default. If enabled, you can move the mouse pointer over a
variable, a function, or a macro (collectively called
@dfn{identifiers}) to show their values in tooltips
(@pxref{Tooltips}). Alternatively, mark an identifier or an
expression by dragging the mouse over it, then leave the mouse in the
marked area to have the value of the expression displayed in a
tooltip. The GUD Tooltip mode takes effect in the GUD interaction
buffer, and in all source buffers with major modes listed in the
variable @code{gud-tooltip-modes}. If the variable
(@pxref{Tooltips}). If just placing the mouse pointer over an
expression doesn't show the value of the expression you had in mind,
you can tell Emacs more explicitly what expression to evaluate by
dragging the mouse over the expression, then leaving the mouse inside
the marked area. The GUD Tooltip mode takes effect in the GUD
interaction buffer, and in all source buffers with major modes listed
in the variable @code{gud-tooltip-modes}. If the variable
@code{gud-tooltip-echo-area} is non-@code{nil}, or if you turned off
the tooltip mode, values are shown in the echo area instead of a
tooltip.
@ -1217,9 +1222,9 @@ edit its value.
@vindex gdb-delete-out-of-scope
If the variable @code{gdb-delete-out-of-scope} is non-@code{nil}
(the default value), Emacs automatically deletes watch expressions
which go out of scope. Sometimes, when re-entering the same function,
it may be useful to set this value to @code{nil} so that you don't
need to recreate the watch expression.
which go out of scope. Sometimes, when your program re-enters the
same function many times, it may be useful to set this value to
@code{nil} so that you don't need to recreate the watch expression.
@vindex gdb-use-colon-colon-notation
If the variable @code{gdb-use-colon-colon-notation} is
@ -1284,7 +1289,7 @@ execution control commands.
value), interruption and continuation commands apply to all threads,
so you can halt or continue all your threads with one command using
@code{gud-stop-subjob} and @code{gud-cont}, respectively. The
@samp{Go} button is shown on the toolbar when at least one thread is
@samp{Go} button is shown on the tool bar when at least one thread is
stopped, whereas @samp{Stop} button is shown when at least one thread
is running.
@ -1292,8 +1297,8 @@ is running.
When @code{gdb-gud-control-all-threads} is @code{nil}, only the
current thread is stopped/continued. @samp{Go} and @samp{Stop}
buttons on the GUD toolbar are shown depending on the state of current
thread.
buttons on the GUD tool bar are shown depending on the state of
current thread.
@end table
You can change the current value of @code{gdb-gud-control-all-threads}

11
doc/emacs/calendar.texi
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ planned or past events. It also has facilities for managing your
appointments, and keeping track of how much time you spend working on
certain projects.
To enter the calendar, type @kbd{M-x calendar}; this displays a
To enter the calendar, type @kbd{M-x calendar}. This displays a
three-month calendar centered on the current month, with point on the
current date. With a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u M-x calendar}, it
prompts you for the month and year to be the center of the three-month
@ -126,10 +126,11 @@ whole year.
The easiest way to remember these commands is to consider months and
years analogous to paragraphs and pages of text, respectively. But
the commands themselves are not quite analogous. The ordinary Emacs
paragraph commands move to the beginning or end of a paragraph,
whereas these month and year commands move by an entire month or an
entire year, keeping the same date within the month or year.
the calendar movement commands themselves do not quite parallel those
for movement through text: the ordinary Emacs paragraph commands move
to the beginning or end of a paragraph, whereas these month and year
commands move by an entire month or an entire year, keeping the same
date within the month or year.
All these commands accept a numeric argument as a repeat count.
For convenience, the digit keys and the minus sign specify numeric

35
doc/emacs/cmdargs.texi
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@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ corresponding long form.
type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any
unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an
argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the
option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either
@samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}.
We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer,
and the tables below always show an equal sign.
option name and the argument. Thus, for the option @samp{--display},
you can write either @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or
@samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. We recommend an equal sign because
it makes the relationship clearer, and the tables below always show an
equal sign.
@cindex initial options (command line)
@cindex action options (command line)
@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ If the startup buffer is disabled (@pxref{Entering Emacs}), then
starting Emacs with one file argument displays the buffer visiting
@var{file} in a single window. With two file arguments, Emacs
displays the files in two different windows. With more than two file
argument, Emacs displays the last file specified in one window, plus
arguments, Emacs displays the last file specified in one window, plus
another window with a Buffer Menu showing all the other files
(@pxref{Several Buffers}). To inhibit using the Buffer Menu for this,
change the variable @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}.
@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ in your initialization file (@pxref{Entering Emacs}).
@opindex -Q
@itemx --quick
@opindex --quick
Start emacs with minimum customizations. This is similar to using @samp{-q},
Start Emacs with minimum customizations. This is similar to using @samp{-q},
@samp{--no-site-file}, @samp{--no-site-lisp}, and @samp{--no-splash}
together. This also stops Emacs from processing X resources by
setting @code{inhibit-x-resources} to @code{t} (@pxref{Resources}).
@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ setting @code{inhibit-x-resources} to @code{t} (@pxref{Resources}).
@opindex --daemon
@itemx --bg-daemon[=@var{name}]
@itemx --fg-daemon[=@var{name}]
Start Emacs as a daemon---after Emacs starts up, it starts the Emacs
Start Emacs as a daemon: after Emacs starts up, it starts the Emacs
server without opening any frames.
(Optionally, you can specify an explicit @var{name} for the server.)
You can then use the @command{emacsclient} command to connect to Emacs
@ -753,9 +754,10 @@ name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the
there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs
still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used.
In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many
of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file
(@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key.
In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add
settings to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key to specify X
resources (@pxref{X Resources}). Most of the settings you can specify
in your @file{.Xdefaults} file can be set from that registry key.
@node Display X
@appendixsec Specifying the Display Name
@ -886,7 +888,7 @@ Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window.
@itemx --reverse-video
@opindex --reverse-video
@cindex reverse video, command-line argument
Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors.
Reverse video: swap the foreground and background colors.
@item --color=@var{mode}
@opindex --color
@cindex standard colors on a character terminal
@ -1023,11 +1025,12 @@ width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs
interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the
width; @samp{x45} specifies just the height.
If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset,
which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the
@var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always
@var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the
@var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen.
If you start the geometry with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces
an offset, which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3}
specifies the @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is
always @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset}
and the @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the
screen.
You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in your X
resource file (@pxref{Resources}), and then override selected fields

2
doc/emacs/custom.texi
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@ -1859,7 +1859,7 @@ key.
Many keyboards have a numeric keypad on the right hand side.
The numeric keys in the keypad double up as cursor motion keys,
toggled by a key labeled @samp{Num Lock}. By default, Emacs
translates these keys to the corresponding keys in the main keyboard.
translates these keys to the corresponding keys on the main keyboard.
For example, when @samp{Num Lock} is on, the key labeled @samp{8} on
the numeric keypad produces @code{kp-8}, which is translated to
@kbd{8}; when @samp{Num Lock} is off, the same key produces

23
doc/emacs/display.texi
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@ -991,16 +991,15 @@ expressions to highlight in different ways.
@kindex M-s h u
@kindex C-x w r
@findex unhighlight-regexp
Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}).
If you invoke this from the menu, you select the expression to
unhighlight from a list. If you invoke this from the keyboard, you
use the minibuffer. It will show the most recently added regular
expression; use @kbd{M-n} to show the next older expression and
@kbd{M-p} to select the next newer expression. (You can also type the
expression by hand, with completion.) When the expression you want to
unhighlight appears in the minibuffer, press @kbd{@key{RET}} to exit
the minibuffer and unhighlight it.
Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}). If you invoke
this from the menu, you select the expression to unhighlight from a
list. If you invoke this from the keyboard, you use the minibuffer.
It will show the most recently added regular expression; use @kbd{M-n}
to show the next older expression and @kbd{M-p} to select the next
newer expression. (You can also type the expression by hand, with
completion.) When the expression you want to unhighlight appears in
the minibuffer, press @kbd{@key{RET}} to exit the minibuffer and
unhighlight it.
@item M-s h l @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
@itemx C-x w l @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
@ -1393,13 +1392,13 @@ the option @code{display-time-mode}. The information added to the mode
line looks like this:
@example
@var{hh}:@var{mm}pm @var{l.ll}
@var{hh}:@var{mm}PM @var{l.ll}
@end example
@noindent
@vindex display-time-24hr-format
Here @var{hh} and @var{mm} are the hour and minute, followed always by
@samp{am} or @samp{pm}. @var{l.ll} is the average number, collected
@samp{AM} or @samp{PM}. @var{l.ll} is the average number, collected
for the last few minutes, of processes in the whole system that were
either running or ready to run (i.e., were waiting for an available
processor). (Some fields may be missing if your operating system

1
doc/emacs/emacs.texi
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@ -482,7 +482,6 @@ Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers
* Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu.
* Auto Reverting Dired:: Auto Revert of Dired buffers.
* Supporting additional buffers:: How to add more Auto Revert support.
@end ifnottex
Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters

83
doc/emacs/files.texi
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@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ the @samp{$}; alternatively, it can be enclosed in braces after the
@file{/u/$@{FOO@}/test.c} are abbreviations for
@file{/u/rms/hacks/test.c}. If the environment variable is not
defined, no substitution occurs, so that the character @samp{$} stands
for itself. Note that environment variables affect Emacs only if they
are applied before Emacs is started.
for itself. Note that environment variables set outside Emacs affect
Emacs only if they are applied before Emacs is started.
To access a file with @samp{$} in its name, if the @samp{$} causes
expansion, type @samp{$$}. This pair is converted to a single
@ -167,7 +167,9 @@ minibuffer, you can abort the command by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{File
Names}, for details about entering file names into minibuffers.
If the specified file exists but the system does not allow you to
read it, an error message is displayed in the echo area. Otherwise,
read it, an error message is displayed in the echo area (on GNU and
Unix systems you might be able to visit such a file using the
@samp{su} or @samp{sudo} methods; @pxref{Remote Files}). Otherwise,
you can tell that @kbd{C-x C-f} has completed successfully by the
appearance of new text on the screen, and by the buffer name shown in
the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}). Emacs normally constructs the
@ -291,7 +293,8 @@ see @ref{Drag and Drop}, and @ref{Misc Dired Features}.
On text-mode terminals and on graphical displays when Emacs was
built without a GUI toolkit, you can visit files via the menu-bar
@samp{File} menu, which has a @samp{Visit New File} item.
@samp{File} menu, which has the @samp{Visit New File} and the
@samp{Open File} items.
Each time you visit a file, Emacs automatically scans its contents
to detect what character encoding and end-of-line convention it uses,
@ -638,7 +641,7 @@ you whether it should delete the excess backup versions. If it has
any other value, then Emacs never automatically deletes backups.
Dired's @kbd{.} (Period) command can also be used to delete old versions.
@xref{Dired Deletion}.
@xref{Flagging Many Files}.
@node Backup Copying
@subsubsection Copying vs.@: Renaming
@ -738,7 +741,7 @@ survive a crash even if @code{fsync} works properly.
The @code{write-region-inhibit-fsync} variable controls whether
Emacs invokes @code{fsync} after saving a file. The variable's
default value is @code{nil} when Emacs is interactive, and @code{t}
when Emacs runs in batch mode (@pxref{Initial Options, batch mode}).
when Emacs runs in batch mode (@pxref{Initial Options, Batch Mode}).
Emacs never uses @code{fsync} when writing auto-save files, as these
files might lose data anyway.
@ -751,7 +754,7 @@ files might lose data anyway.
Simultaneous editing occurs when two users visit the same file, both
make changes, and then both save them. If nobody is informed that
this is happening, whichever user saves first would later find that
his changes were lost.
their changes were lost.
On some systems, Emacs notices immediately when the second user starts
to change the file, and issues an immediate warning. On all systems,
@ -952,12 +955,25 @@ discard your changes.)
You can also tell Emacs to revert buffers periodically. To do this
for a specific buffer, enable the minor mode Auto-Revert mode by
typing @kbd{M-x auto-revert-mode}. This automatically reverts the
current buffer every five seconds; you can change the interval through
the variable @code{auto-revert-interval}. To do the same for all file
buffers, type @kbd{M-x global-auto-revert-mode} to enable Global
Auto-Revert mode. These minor modes do not check or revert remote
files, because that is usually too slow. This behavior can be changed
by setting the variable @code{auto-revert-remote-files} to non-@code{nil}.
current buffer when its visited file changes on disk. To do the same
for all file buffers, type @kbd{M-x global-auto-revert-mode} to enable
Global Auto-Revert mode. These minor modes do not check or revert
remote files, because that is usually too slow. This behavior can be
changed by setting the variable @code{auto-revert-remote-files} to
non-@code{nil}.
@cindex file notifications
@vindex auto-revert-use-notify
By default, Auto-Revert mode works using @dfn{file notifications},
whereby changes in the filesystem are reported to Emacs by the OS.
You can disable use of file notifications by customizing the variable
@code{auto-revert-use-notify} to a @code{nil} value, then Emacs will
check for file changes by polling every five seconds. You can change
the polling interval through the variable @code{auto-revert-interval}.
Not all systems support file notifications; where they are not
supported, @code{auto-revert-use-notify} will be @code{nil} by
default.
One use of Auto-Revert mode is to ``tail'' a file such as a system
log, so that changes made to that file by other programs are
@ -1159,7 +1175,7 @@ this---saving them---updates the files themselves.
@vindex auto-save-list-file-prefix
Emacs records information about interrupted sessions in files named
@file{.saves-@var{pid}-@var{hostname}} in the directory
@file{.saves-@var{pid}-@var{hostname}~} in the directory
@file{~/.emacs.d/auto-save-list/}. This directory is determined by
the variable @code{auto-save-list-file-prefix}. If you set
@code{auto-save-list-file-prefix} to @code{nil}, sessions are not
@ -1233,8 +1249,9 @@ named @file{/fsf}:
listing} is a list of all the files in a directory. Emacs provides
commands to create and delete directories, and to make directory
listings in brief format (file names only) and verbose format (sizes,
dates, and authors included). Emacs also includes a directory browser
feature called Dired; see @ref{Dired}.
dates, and other attributes included). Emacs also includes a
directory browser feature called Dired, which you can invoke with
@kbd{C-x d}; see @ref{Dired}.
@table @kbd
@item C-x C-d @var{dir-or-pattern} @key{RET}
@ -1315,6 +1332,9 @@ information about the @command{diff} program.
The output of the @code{diff} command is shown using a major mode
called Diff mode. @xref{Diff Mode}.
A (much more sophisticated) alternative is @kbd{M-x ediff}
(@pxref{Top, Ediff, Ediff, ediff, The Ediff Manual}).
@findex diff-backup
The command @kbd{M-x diff-backup} compares a specified file with its
most recent backup. If you specify the name of a backup file,
@ -1331,10 +1351,10 @@ would make to the file if you save the buffer.
current window with that in the window that was the selected window
before you selected the current one. (For more information about
windows in Emacs, @ref{Windows}.) Comparison starts at point in each
window, after pushing each initial point value on the mark ring in its
respective buffer. Then it moves point forward in each window, one
character at a time, until it reaches characters that don't match.
Then the command exits.
window, after pushing each initial point value on the mark ring
(@pxref{Mark Ring}) in its respective buffer. Then it moves point
forward in each window, one character at a time, until it reaches
characters that don't match. Then the command exits.
If point in the two windows is followed by non-matching text when
the command starts, @kbd{M-x compare-windows} tries heuristically to
@ -1348,8 +1368,9 @@ skips one matching range or finds the start of another.
whitespace. If the variable @code{compare-ignore-case} is
non-@code{nil}, the comparison ignores differences in case as well.
If the variable @code{compare-ignore-whitespace} is non-@code{nil},
@code{compare-windows} normally ignores changes in whitespace, and a
prefix argument turns that off.
@code{compare-windows} by default ignores changes in whitespace, but a
prefix argument turns that off for that single invocation of the
command.
@cindex Smerge mode
@findex smerge-mode
@ -1419,7 +1440,7 @@ Move to the next hunk-start (@code{diff-hunk-next}).
This command has a side effect: it @dfn{refines} the hunk you move to,
highlighting its changes with better granularity. To disable this
feature, type @kbd{M-x diff-auto-refine-mode} to toggle off the minor
mode Diff Auto-Refine mode. To disable Diff Auto Refine mode by
mode Diff Auto-Refine mode. To disable Diff Auto-Refine mode by
default, add this to your init file (@pxref{Hooks}):
@example
@ -1548,17 +1569,17 @@ modify the original source files rather than the patched source files.
@section Copying, Naming and Renaming Files
Emacs has several commands for copying, naming, and renaming files.
All of them read two file names @var{old} and @var{new} using the
minibuffer, and then copy or adjust a file's name accordingly; they do
not accept wildcard file names.
All of them read two file names, @var{old} (or @var{target}) and
@var{new}, using the minibuffer, and then copy or adjust a file's name
accordingly; they do not accept wildcard file names.
In all these commands, if the argument @var{new} is just a directory
name, the real new name is in that directory, with the same
name (@pxref{Directory Names,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference
Manual}), the real new name is in that directory, with the same
non-directory component as @var{old}. For example, the command
@w{@kbd{M-x rename-file @key{RET} ~/foo @key{RET} /tmp/ @key{RET}}}
renames @file{~/foo} to @file{/tmp/foo}. On GNU and other POSIX-like
systems, directory names end in @samp{/}. @xref{Directory Names,,,
elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
systems, directory names end in @samp{/}.
All these commands ask for confirmation when the new file name already
exists.
@ -1811,8 +1832,8 @@ To carry out this request, Emacs uses a remote-login program such as
@command{ssh}.
You must always specify in the file name which method to use---for
example, @file{/ssh:@var{user}@@@var{host}:@var{filename}} uses
@command{ssh}. When you specify the pseudo method @var{-} in the file
name, Emacs chooses the method as follows:
@command{ssh}. When you specify the pseudo method @samp{-} in the
file name, Emacs chooses the method as follows:
@enumerate
@item

9
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@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ the undo command.
previous undo commands, use @kbd{M-x undo-only}. This is like
@code{undo}, but will not redo changes you have just undone.
@c What about @kbd{M-x revert-buffer}? --xfq
If you notice that a buffer has been modified accidentally, the
easiest way to recover is to type @kbd{C-/} repeatedly until the stars
disappear from the front of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}).
@ -90,6 +89,10 @@ the last change you made undone, you will see whether it was an
intentional change. If it was an accident, leave it undone. If it
was deliberate, redo the change as described above.
Alternatively, you can discard all the changes since the buffer was
last visited or saved with @kbd{M-x revert-buffer}
(@pxref{Reverting}).
@cindex selective undo
@kindex C-u C-/
When there is an active region, any use of @code{undo} performs
@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ Convert last word to lower case with capital initial.
@kindex M-@t{-} M-u
@kindex M-@t{-} M-c
A very common error is to type words in the wrong case. Because of this,
the word case-conversion commands @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} and @kbd{M-c} have a
the word case-conversion commands @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u}, and @kbd{M-c} have a
special feature when used with a negative argument: they do not move the
cursor. As soon as you see you have mistyped the last word, you can simply
case-convert it and go on typing. @xref{Case}.
@ -231,7 +234,7 @@ case-convert it and go on typing. @xref{Case}.
single word or of a portion of a buffer. These commands only work if
a spelling checker program, one of Hunspell, Aspell, Ispell or
Enchant, is installed. These programs are not part of Emacs, but one
of them is usually installed in GNU/Linux and other free operating
of them is usually installed on GNU/Linux and other free operating
systems.
@ifnottex
@xref{Top, Aspell,, aspell, The Aspell Manual}.

12
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@ -201,12 +201,12 @@ are always displayed as empty spaces extending to the next
@node Just Spaces
@section Tabs vs.@: Spaces
Normally, indentation commands insert (or remove) an optimal mix of
space characters and tab characters to align to the desired column.
Tab characters are displayed as a stretch of empty space extending to
the next @dfn{display tab stop}. By default, there is one display tab
stop every @code{tab-width} columns (the default is 8). @xref{Text
Display}.
Normally, indentation commands insert (or remove) the shortest
possible series of tab and space characters so as to align to the
desired column. Tab characters are displayed as a stretch of empty
space extending to the next @dfn{display tab stop}. By default, there
is one display tab stop every @code{tab-width} columns (the default is
8). @xref{Text Display}.
@vindex indent-tabs-mode
If you prefer, all indentation can be made from spaces only. To

5
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@ -56,7 +56,10 @@ of entering the command name. This takes you back to command level.
To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before @kbd{M-x}. The
argument value appears in the prompt while the command name is being
read, and finally @kbd{M-x} passes the argument to that command.
read, and finally @kbd{M-x} passes the argument to that command. For
example, to pass the numeric argument of 42 to the command
@code{forward-char} you can type @kbd{C-u 42 M-x forward-char
@key{RET}}.
@vindex suggest-key-bindings
When the command you run with @kbd{M-x} has a key binding, Emacs

4
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@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ does not support versions before macOS 10.6.
@samp{Nextstep} internally, instead of ``Cocoa'' or ``macOS''; for
instance, most of the commands and variables described in this section
begin with @samp{ns-}, which is short for @samp{Nextstep}. NeXTstep
was an application interface released by NeXT Inc during the 1980s, of
which Cocoa is a direct descendant. Apart from Cocoa, there is
was an application interface released by NeXT Inc.@: during the 1980s,
of which Cocoa is a direct descendant. Apart from Cocoa, there is
another NeXTstep-style system: GNUstep, which is free software. As of
this writing, Emacs GNUstep support is alpha status (@pxref{GNUstep
Support}), but we hope to improve it in the future.

14
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@ -542,13 +542,13 @@ been changed in the repository, offer to update it.
These rules also apply when you use RCS in its non-locking mode,
except that changes are not automatically merged from the repository.
Nothing informs you if another user has committed changes in the same
file since you began editing it; when you commit your revision, his
changes are removed (however, they remain in the repository and are
thus not irrevocably lost). Therefore, you must verify that the
current revision is unchanged before committing your changes. In
addition, locking is possible with RCS even in this mode: @kbd{C-x v
v} with an unmodified file locks the file, just as it does with RCS in
its normal locking mode (@pxref{VC With A Locking VCS}).
file since you began editing it; when you commit your revision, that
other user's changes are removed (however, they remain in the
repository and are thus not irrevocably lost). Therefore, you must
verify that the current revision is unchanged before committing your
changes. In addition, locking is possible with RCS even in this mode:
@kbd{C-x v v} with an unmodified file locks the file, just as it does
with RCS in its normal locking mode (@pxref{VC With A Locking VCS}).
@node VC With A Locking VCS
@subsubsection Basic Version Control with Locking

4
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@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ minibuffer-electric-default-mode}.
other uses of the echo area. If an error message or an informative
message is emitted while the minibuffer is active, the message hides
the minibuffer for a few seconds, or until you type something; then
the minibuffer comes back. While the minibuffer is in use, keystrokes
do not echo.
the minibuffer comes back. While the minibuffer is in use, Emacs does
not echo keystrokes.
@node Minibuffer File
@section Minibuffers for File Names

22
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@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ is needed. For OpenDocument and Microsoft Office documents, the
When you visit a document file that can be displayed with DocView
mode, Emacs automatically uses DocView mode @footnote{The needed
external tools for the document type must be available, and Emacs must
be running in a graphical frame and have PNG image support. If any of
these requirements is not fulfilled, Emacs falls back to another major
be running in a graphical frame and have PNG image support. If these
requirements is not fulfilled, Emacs falls back to another major
mode.}. As an exception, when you visit a PostScript file, Emacs
switches to PS mode, a major mode for editing PostScript files as
text; however, it also enables DocView minor mode, so you can type
@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ buffer after it has been sent.
@subsubsection Shell History References
@cindex history reference
Various shells including csh and bash support @dfn{history
Various shells, including csh and bash, support @dfn{history
references} that begin with @samp{!} and @samp{^}. Shell mode
recognizes these constructs, and can perform the history substitution
for you.
@ -1406,8 +1406,8 @@ by the faces @code{term-color-black}, @code{term-color-red},
@code{term-color-underline}, and @code{term-color-bold}.
@xref{Faces}.
You can also Term mode to communicate with a device connected to a
serial port. @xref{Serial Terminal}.
You can also use Term mode to communicate with a device connected to
a serial port. @xref{Serial Terminal}.
The file name used to load the subshell is determined the same way
as for Shell mode. To make multiple terminal emulators, rename the
@ -1427,12 +1427,8 @@ and later.
@cindex Term mode
@cindex mode, Term
The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode (@pxref{Shell Mode}).
In char mode, each character is sent directly to the subshell, except
for the Term escape character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
To switch between line and char mode in Term mode, use these
commands:
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
@ -1720,8 +1716,8 @@ Server})---then Emacs opens a frame on the terminal in which you
called @command{emacsclient}.
You can also force @command{emacsclient} to open a new frame on a
graphical display, or on a text terminal, using the @samp{-c} and
@samp{-t} options. @xref{emacsclient Options}.
graphical display using the @samp{-c} option, or on a text terminal
using the @samp{-t} option. @xref{emacsclient Options}.
If you are running on a single text terminal, you can switch between
@command{emacsclient}'s shell and the Emacs server using one of two

8
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@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ for specific programming languages. These include Lisp mode (which
has several variants), C mode, Fortran mode, and others. The third
group consists of major modes that are not associated directly with
files; they are used in buffers created for specific purposes by
Emacs, such as Dired mode for buffers made by Dired (@pxref{Dired}),
Message mode for buffers made by @kbd{C-x m} (@pxref{Sending Mail}),
and Shell mode for buffers used to communicate with an inferior shell
process (@pxref{Interactive Shell}).
Emacs. Examples include Dired mode for buffers made by Dired
(@pxref{Dired}), Message mode for buffers made by @kbd{C-x m}
(@pxref{Sending Mail}), and Shell mode for buffers used to communicate
with an inferior shell process (@pxref{Interactive Shell}).
Usually, the major mode is automatically set by Emacs, when you
first visit a file or create a buffer (@pxref{Choosing Modes}). You

6
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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ A short description of the package.
@noindent
The @code{list-packages} command accesses the network, to retrieve the
list of available packages from the package archive server. If the
list of available packages from package archive servers. If the
network is unavailable, it falls back on the most recently retrieved
list.
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ A valid signature is not a cast-iron
guarantee that a package is not malicious, so you should still
exercise caution. Package archives should provide instructions
on how you can obtain their public key. One way is to download the
key from a server such as @url{http://pgp.mit.edu/}.
key from a server such as @url{https://pgp.mit.edu/}.
Use @kbd{M-x package-import-keyring} to import the key into Emacs.
Emacs stores package keys in the directory specified by the variable
@code{package-gnupghome-dir}, by default in the @file{gnupg}
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ package that is not signed. If you use some archives that do not sign
their packages, you can add them to the list @code{package-unsigned-archives}.
For more information on cryptographic keys and signing,
@pxref{Top,, Top, gnupg, The GNU Privacy Guard Manual}.
@pxref{Top,, GnuPG, gnupg, The GNU Privacy Guard Manual}.
Emacs comes with an interface to GNU Privacy Guard,
@pxref{Top,, EasyPG, epa, Emacs EasyPG Assistant Manual}.

1
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@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp}
@item - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}.
(This is @kbd{M-s} with a negative argument.)
@end table
@kindex n @r{(Rmail)}

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@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ display systems commonly use the word ``window'' with a different
meaning; but, as stated above, we refer to those graphical windows
as ``frames''.
An Emacs window is where the @dfn{buffer}---the text you are
editing---is displayed. On a graphical display, the window possesses
a @dfn{scroll bar} on one side, which can be used to scroll through
the buffer. The last line of the window is a @dfn{mode line}. This
displays various information about what is going on in the buffer,
such as whether there are unsaved changes, the editing modes that are
in use, the current line number, and so forth.
An Emacs window is where the @dfn{buffer}---the text or other
graphics you are editing or viewing---is displayed. On a graphical
display, the window possesses a @dfn{scroll bar} on one side, which
can be used to scroll through the buffer. The last line of the window
is a @dfn{mode line}. This displays various information about what is
going on in the buffer, such as whether there are unsaved changes, the
editing modes that are in use, the current line number, and so forth.
When you start Emacs, there is normally only one window in the
frame. However, you can subdivide this window horizontally or

44
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@ -1508,29 +1508,27 @@ This is an example.
@findex doctex-mode
@findex bibtex-mode
Emacs provides special major modes for editing files written in
@TeX{} and its related formats. @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter
written by Donald Knuth; like GNU Emacs, it is free software.
@LaTeX{} is a simplified input format for @TeX{}, implemented using
@TeX{} macros. Doc@TeX{} is a special file format in which the
@LaTeX{} sources are written, combining sources with documentation.
Sli@TeX{} is an obsolete special form of @LaTeX{}.@footnote{It has
been replaced by the @samp{slides} document class, which comes with
@LaTeX{}.}
@TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; like
GNU Emacs, it is free software. The @TeX{} format has several
variants, including @LaTeX{}, a simplified input format for @TeX{};
Doc@TeX{}, a special file format in which the @LaTeX{} sources are
written, combining sources with documentation; and Sli@TeX{}, an
obsolete special form of @LaTeX{}@footnote{
It has been replaced by the @samp{slides} document class, which comes
with @LaTeX{}.}.
@vindex tex-default-mode
@TeX{} mode has four variants: Plain @TeX{} mode, @LaTeX{} mode,
Doc@TeX{} mode, and Sli@TeX{} mode. These distinct major modes differ
only slightly, and are designed for editing the four different
formats. Emacs selects the appropriate mode by looking at the
contents of the buffer. (This is done by the @code{tex-mode} command,
which is normally called automatically when you visit a @TeX{}-like
file. @xref{Choosing Modes}.) If the contents are insufficient to
determine this, Emacs chooses the mode specified by the variable
@code{tex-default-mode}; its default value is @code{latex-mode}. If
Emacs does not guess right, you can select the correct variant of
@TeX{} mode using the command @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x
latex-mode}, @kbd{M-x slitex-mode}, or @kbd{doctex-mode}.
Emacs provides a @TeX{} major mode for each of these variants: Plain
@TeX{} mode, @LaTeX{} mode, Doc@TeX{} mode, and Sli@TeX{} mode. Emacs
selects the appropriate mode by looking at the contents of the buffer.
(This is done by the @code{tex-mode} command, which is normally called
automatically when you visit a @TeX{}-like file. @xref{Choosing
Modes}.) If the contents are insufficient to determine this, Emacs
chooses the mode specified by the variable @code{tex-default-mode};
its default value is @code{latex-mode}. If Emacs does not guess
right, you can select the correct variant of @TeX{} mode using the
command @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, @kbd{M-x
slitex-mode}, or @kbd{doctex-mode}.
The following sections document the features of @TeX{} mode and its
variants. There are several other @TeX{}-related Emacs packages,
@ -1628,7 +1626,9 @@ to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them
singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of
braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the
text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}}
(@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace.
(@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace. You can also
invoke @kbd{C-c @{} after marking some text: then the command encloses
the marked text in braces.
@findex tex-validate-region
@findex tex-terminate-paragraph

121
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
@c Update the elisp.texi Antinews menu entry with the above version number.
For those users who live backwards in time, here is information about
downgrading to Emacs version 25.2. We hope you will enjoy the greater
downgrading to Emacs version 25.3. We hope you will enjoy the greater
simplicity that results from the absence of many @w{Emacs
@value{EMACSVER}} features.
@ -47,6 +47,15 @@ sites become more and more rare as you move back in time, so having a
specialized library for their support was deemed an unnecessary
maintenance burden.
@item
The time conversion functions @code{current-time-string},
@code{current-time-zone}, @code{decode-time},
@code{format-time-string}, and @code{set-time-zone-rule} no longer
accept integer offsets as time zone rules, to make it more of a
challenge to convert foreign timestamps. Also,
@code{format-time-string} no longer converts @samp{%q} to the calendar
quarter, as that is something you can easily do for yourself.
@item
Field numbers like @samp{%2$} in format specifiers are no longer
available. We decided that their use makes code reading and
@ -83,12 +92,38 @@ symlink targets as you'd expect: to mean your home directory. The
confusing differences between the operation of these functions in
interactive and non-interactive invocations has been removed.
@item
Several functions that create or rename their files now treat their
destination specially if it happens to be a directory, even when its
name does not appear to be that of a directory. For example,
@code{(rename-file "A" "B")} no longer renames @file{A} to @file{B} if
@file{B} happens to be a directory. This is so that dealing with
files becomes more of an adventure.
@item
The @code{format} function now returns new strings in more cases, to
place more stress on the Emacs memory manager and thereby test Emacs
better.
@item
The function @file{assoc} has been simplified by removing its third
optional argument. It now always uses @code{equal} for comparison.
Likewise, @code{alist-get} always uses @code{assq}, and @code{map-get}
and @code{map-put} always use @code{eql} for their comparisons.
@item
Numeric comparisons and the functions @code{format},
@code{make-hash-table}, @code{min}, @code{max} and @code{logb} now
occasionally round values internally to make their results less
predictable.
@item
The functions @code{ffloor}, @code{fceiling}l, @code{ftruncate} and
@code{fround} now accept integer arguments. Conversely, functions
like @code{decode-char} that accept floating-point integers now accept
arguments that are not integers. In both cases the results are
amusingly nonsensical sometimes.
@item
GnuTLS cryptographic functions are no longer available in Emacs. We
have decided that the needs for such functionality are deteriorating,
@ -104,15 +139,24 @@ broken by records.
You can again use @code{string-as-unibyte},
@code{string-make-multibyte}, and other similar functions, without
being annoyed by messages about their deprecation. This is in
preparation for removal of multibyte text from Emacs in the distance
preparation for removal of multibyte text from Emacs in the distant
past.
@item
The @code{string-version-lessp} function has been removed, to
encourage programmers to use their own idiosyncratic methods to
determine whether one version string precedes another.
@item
The function @code{read-color} no longer displays color names using
each color as the background. We have determined that this surprises
users and produces funny inconsistent results on color-challenged
terminals.
@item
Support for 24-bit color on text terminals has been dropped, since
it wasn't needed long ago.
@item
We removed the function @code{file-name-case-insensitive-p}, as
testing for the OS symbol should be enough for the observable past to
@ -135,12 +179,57 @@ cases. Let simplicity rule!
The function @code{mapcan} is gone; use @code{mapcar} instead, and
process the resulting list as you see fit.
@item
Low-level list functions like @code{length} and @code{member} can now
loop indefinitely when given cyclic lists, causing Emacs to freeze.
This can help these functions run a tiny bit faster in the usual case
where the input is not cyclic.
@item
The @code{write-region} function no longer propagates its
@var{lockname} argument to file name handlers.
@item
You can once again write a Lisp program that returns funny random
values from @code{file-attributes} by having another process alter the
filesystem while Emacs is accessing the file. This can give rise to
some interesting applications in the near past.
@item
The functions @code{file-attributes}, @code{file-symlink-p}, and
@code{make-symbolic-link} now quietly mutate the target of a local
symbolic link in some cases, to make it more of a challenge to deal
with arbitrary symlinks in Emacs code.
@item
The error @code{file-missing} has been removed; operations now lump
such errors into the @code{file-error} category instead.
@item
The function @code{delete-directory} now signals an error if operating
recursively and some other process deletes the directory before this
function gets to it.
@item
The @code{dutch} input method now attempts to support Turkish too,
albeit incorrectly. Also, it converts @samp{IJ} and @samp{ij} to
special characters instead of leaving them alone.
@item
Non-breaking hyphens and approximations to quotes are now displayed
just with the @code{escape-glyph} face instead of having faces of
their own. This is simpler and gives the user amusing puzzles to
solve when viewing text containing these characters.
@item
The user option @code{electric-quote-context-sensitive} and the
variable @code{electric-quote-inhibit-functions}, so that electric
quoting is simpler and more likely to do the wrong thing.
@item
The user option @code{text-quoting-style} has been removed, and is now
just a variable.
@item
We have removed the functions @code{file-name-quote},
@code{file-name-unquote}, and @code{file-name-quoted-p}. Writing code
@ -159,6 +248,34 @@ We decided that the format of mode line and header line should be
customizable only based on buffers; the @code{mode-line-format} and
@code{header-line-format} window parameters have been removed.
@item
Emacs now normally builds a limited @command{movemail} substitute that
retrieves POP3 email only via insecure channels, and the
configure-time option @option{--with-mailutils} has been removed.
This simplifies Emacs setup when security is not important.
@item
The configure-time option @option{--enable-gcc-warnings=warn-only}
has been removed, so that build-time warnings are always fatal now.
@item
The configure-time option @option{--disable-build-details} has been
removed. This way, Emacs builds are unique and irreproducible.
@item
The variable @code{emacs-version} now includes the build number
instead of storing it separately in @code{emacs-build-number}.
@item
Emacs has been ported to IRIX.
@item
Several options and variables have been removed to simplify Emacs and
potentially make it less reliable. These include the
@option{--module-assertions} option, the
@code{attempt-stack-overflow-recovery} variable, and the
@code{attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal} variable.
@item
As part of the ongoing quest for simplicity, many other functions and
variables have been eliminated.

80
doc/lispref/backups.texi
View file

@ -775,16 +775,80 @@ after inserting the modified contents. A custom @code{revert-buffer-function}
may or may not run this hook.
@end defvar
@c FIXME? Move this section from arevert-xtra to here?
Emacs can revert buffers automatically. It does that by default for
buffers visiting files. The following describes how to add support
for auto-reverting new types of buffers.
First, such buffers must have a suitable @code{revert-buffer-function}
and @code{buffer-stale-function} defined.
@defvar buffer-stale-function
The value of this variable specifies a function to call to check
whether a buffer needs reverting. The default value only handles
buffers that are visiting files, by checking their modification time.
Buffers that are not visiting files require a custom function
@iftex
(@pxref{Supporting additional buffers,,, emacs-xtra, Specialized Emacs Features}).
@end iftex
@ifnottex
(@pxref{Supporting additional buffers,,, emacs}).
@end ifnottex
Buffers that are not visiting files require a custom function of one
optional argument @var{noconfirm}. The function should return
non-@code{nil} if the buffer should be reverted. The buffer is
current when this function is called.
While this function is mainly intended for use in auto-reverting, it
could be used for other purposes as well. For instance, if
auto-reverting is not enabled, it could be used to warn the user that
the buffer needs reverting. The idea behind the @var{noconfirm}
argument is that it should be @code{t} if the buffer is going to be
reverted without asking the user and @code{nil} if the function is
just going to be used to warn the user that the buffer is out of date.
In particular, for use in auto-reverting, @var{noconfirm} is @code{t}.
If the function is only going to be used for auto-reverting, you can
ignore the @var{noconfirm} argument.
If you just want to automatically auto-revert every
@code{auto-revert-interval} seconds (like the Buffer Menu), use:
@example
(setq-local buffer-stale-function
#'(lambda (&optional noconfirm) 'fast))
@end example
@noindent
in the buffer's mode function.
The special return value @samp{fast} tells the caller that the need
for reverting was not checked, but that reverting the buffer is fast.
It also tells Auto Revert not to print any revert messages, even if
@code{auto-revert-verbose} is non-@code{nil}. This is important, as
getting revert messages every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds can
be very annoying. The information provided by this return value could
also be useful if the function is consulted for purposes other than
auto-reverting.
@end defvar
Once the buffer has a suitable @code{revert-buffer-function} and
@code{buffer-stale-function}, several problems usually remain.
The buffer will only auto-revert if it is marked unmodified. Hence,
you will have to make sure that various functions mark the buffer
modified if and only if either the buffer contains information that
might be lost by reverting, or there is reason to believe that the user
might be inconvenienced by auto-reverting, because he is actively
working on the buffer. The user can always override this by manually
adjusting the modified status of the buffer. To support this, calling
the @code{revert-buffer-function} on a buffer that is marked
unmodified should always keep the buffer marked unmodified.
It is important to assure that point does not continuously jump around
as a consequence of auto-reverting. Of course, moving point might be
inevitable if the buffer radically changes.
You should make sure that the @code{revert-buffer-function} does not
print messages that unnecessarily duplicate Auto Revert's own messages,
displayed if @code{auto-revert-verbose} is @code{t}, and effectively
override a @code{nil} value for @code{auto-revert-verbose}. Hence,
adapting a mode for auto-reverting often involves getting rid of such
messages. This is especially important for buffers that automatically
revert every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds.
If the new auto-reverting is part of Emacs, you should mention it
in the documentation string of @code{global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers}.
Similarly, you should document the additions in the Emacs manual.

2
doc/lispref/display.texi
View file

@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ truncated to fit it.
The variable @code{max-mini-window-height}, which specifies the
maximum height for resizing minibuffer windows, also applies to the
echo area (which is really a special use of the minibuffer window;
@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}).
@pxref{Minibuffer Windows}).
@node Warnings
@section Reporting Warnings

12
doc/lispref/minibuf.texi
View file

@ -2323,6 +2323,12 @@ frame's height; an integer specifies the maximum number of lines. The
default value is 0.25.
@end defopt
Note that the values of the above two variables take effect at display
time, so let-binding them around code which produces echo-area messages
will not work. If you want to prevent resizing of minibuffer windows
when displaying long messages, bind the @code{message-truncate-lines}
variable instead (@pxref{Echo Area Customization}).
@node Minibuffer Contents
@section Minibuffer Contents
@ -2450,12 +2456,6 @@ minibuffer window was selected. If the selected window is not a
minibuffer window, it returns @code{nil}.
@end defun
@defopt max-mini-window-height
This variable specifies the maximum height for resizing minibuffer
windows. If a float, it specifies a fraction of the height of the
frame. If an integer, it specifies a number of lines.
@end defopt
@vindex minibuffer-message-timeout
@defun minibuffer-message string &rest args
This function displays @var{string} temporarily at the end of the

4
doc/lispref/os.texi
View file

@ -3042,7 +3042,9 @@ with @samp{-}, or might contain shell metacharacters like @samp{;}.
Although functions like @code{shell-quote-argument} can help avoid
this sort of problem, they are not panaceas; for example, on a POSIX
platform @code{shell-quote-argument} quotes shell metacharacters but
not leading @samp{-}. @xref{Shell Arguments}. Typically it is safer
not leading @samp{-}. On MS-Windows, quoting for @samp{%} assumes
none of the environment variables have @samp{^} in their name.
@xref{Shell Arguments}. Typically it is safer
to use @code{call-process} than a subshell. @xref{Synchronous
Processes}. And it is safer yet to use builtin Emacs functions; for
example, use @code{(rename-file "@var{a}" "@var{b}" t)} instead of

7
doc/lispref/processes.texi
View file

@ -728,8 +728,11 @@ Initialize the process query flag to @var{query-flag}.
@xref{Query Before Exit}.
@item :stop @var{stopped}
If @var{stopped} is non-@code{nil}, start the process in the
stopped state.
If @var{stopped} is non-@code{nil}, start the process in the stopped
state. In the stopped state, a pipe process does not accept incoming
data, but you can send outgoing data. The stopped state is set by
@code{stop-process} and cleared by @code{continue-process}
(@pxref{Signals to Processes}).
@item :filter @var{filter}
Initialize the process filter to @var{filter}. If not specified, a

2
lisp/leim/quail/latin-alt.el
View file

@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ Caters for French and Dutch.
| | examples
------------+---------+----------
others | | fl. -> ƒ eur. -> € ij -> ij IJ -> IJ
others | | fl. -> ƒ eur. -> €
------------+---------+----------
| postfix |
------------+---------+----------

2
lisp/net/gnutls.el
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Args are NAME BUFFER HOST SERVICE.
NAME is name for process. It is modified if necessary to make it unique.
BUFFER is the buffer (or `buffer-name') to associate with the process.
Process output goes at end of that buffer, unless you specify
an output stream or filter function to handle the output.
a filter function to handle the output.
BUFFER may be also nil, meaning that this process is not associated
with any buffer
Third arg is name of the host to connect to, or its IP address.

5
lisp/net/shr-color.el
View file

@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ absolute value without any unit."
("MediumAquaMarine" . "#66CDAA")
("MediumBlue" . "#0000CD")
("MediumOrchid" . "#BA55D3")
("MediumPurple" . "#9370D8")
("MediumPurple" . "#9370DB")
("MediumSeaGreen" . "#3CB371")
("MediumSlateBlue" . "#7B68EE")
("MediumSpringGreen" . "#00FA9A")
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ absolute value without any unit."
("PaleGoldenRod" . "#EEE8AA")
("PaleGreen" . "#98FB98")
("PaleTurquoise" . "#AFEEEE")
("PaleVioletRed" . "#D87093")
("PaleVioletRed" . "#DB7093")
("PapayaWhip" . "#FFEFD5")
("PeachPuff" . "#FFDAB9")
("Peru" . "#CD853F")
@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ absolute value without any unit."
("Plum" . "#DDA0DD")
("PowderBlue" . "#B0E0E6")
("Purple" . "#800080")
("RebeccaPurple" . "#663399")
("Red" . "#FF0000")
("RosyBrown" . "#BC8F8F")
("RoyalBlue" . "#4169E1")

2
lisp/net/starttls.el
View file

@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Args are NAME BUFFER HOST PORT.
NAME is name for process. It is modified if necessary to make it unique.
BUFFER is the buffer (or `buffer-name') to associate with the process.
Process output goes at end of that buffer, unless you specify
an output stream or filter function to handle the output.
a filter function to handle the output.
BUFFER may be also nil, meaning that this process is not associated
with any buffer
Third arg is name of the host to connect to, or its IP address.

2
lisp/net/tls.el
View file

@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Args are NAME BUFFER HOST PORT.
NAME is name for process. It is modified if necessary to make it unique.
BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer name) to associate with the process.
Process output goes at end of that buffer, unless you specify
an output stream or filter function to handle the output.
a filter function to handle the output.
BUFFER may be also nil, meaning that this process is not associated
with any buffer
Third arg is name of the host to connect to, or its IP address.

8
lisp/subr.el
View file

@ -2123,10 +2123,10 @@ and the file name is displayed in the echo area."
NAME is name for process. It is modified if necessary to make it unique.
BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer name) to associate with the process.
Process output (both standard output and standard error streams) goes
at end of BUFFER, unless you specify an output stream or filter
function to handle the output. BUFFER may also be nil, meaning that
this process is not associated with any buffer.
Process output (both standard output and standard error streams)
goes at end of BUFFER, unless you specify a filter function to
handle the output. BUFFER may also be nil, meaning that this
process is not associated with any buffer.
PROGRAM is the program file name. It is searched for in `exec-path'
\(which see). If nil, just associate a pty with the buffer. Remaining

2
lisp/term/ns-win.el
View file

@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ See the documentation of `create-fontset-from-fontset-spec' for the format.")
(format "Creation of the standard fontset failed: %s" err)
:error)))
(x-open-connection (system-name) x-command-line-resources t)
(x-open-connection (or (system-name) "") x-command-line-resources t)
;; Add GNUstep menu items Services, Hide and Quit. Rename Help to Info
;; and put it first (i.e. omit from menu-bar-final-items.

2
lisp/textmodes/css-mode.el
View file

@ -499,6 +499,7 @@ further value candidates, since that list would be infinite.")
("red" . "#ff0000")
("purple" . "#800080")
("fuchsia" . "#ff00ff")
("magenta" . "#ff00ff")
("green" . "#008000")
("lime" . "#00ff00")
("olive" . "#808000")
@ -507,6 +508,7 @@ further value candidates, since that list would be infinite.")
("blue" . "#0000ff")
("teal" . "#008080")
("aqua" . "#00ffff")
("cyan" . "#00ffff")
("orange" . "#ffa500")
("aliceblue" . "#f0f8ff")
("antiquewhite" . "#faebd7")

4
src/doc.c
View file

@ -1023,8 +1023,8 @@ syms_of_doc (void)
doc: /* Style to use for single quotes in help and messages.
Its value should be a symbol. It works by substituting certain single
quotes for grave accent and apostrophe. This is done in help output
and in functions like `message' and `format-message'. It is not done
in `format'.
\(but not for display of Info manuals) and in functions like `message'
and `format-message'. It is not done in `format'.
`curve' means quote with curved single quotes ‘like this’.
`straight' means quote with straight apostrophes \\='like this\\='.

18
src/process.c
View file

@ -1615,9 +1615,8 @@ to make it unique.
:buffer BUFFER -- BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer-name) to associate
with the process. Process output goes at end of that buffer, unless
you specify an output stream or filter function to handle the output.
BUFFER may be also nil, meaning that this process is not associated
with any buffer.
you specify a filter function to handle the output. BUFFER may be
also nil, meaning that this process is not associated with any buffer.
:command COMMAND -- COMMAND is a list starting with the program file
name, followed by strings to give to the program as arguments.
@ -2307,8 +2306,8 @@ arguments are defined:
:buffer BUFFER -- BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer-name) to associate
with the process. Process output goes at the end of that buffer,
unless you specify an output stream or filter function to handle the
output. If BUFFER is not given, the value of NAME is used.
unless you specify a filter function to handle the output. If BUFFER
is not given, the value of NAME is used.
:coding CODING -- If CODING is a symbol, it specifies the coding
system used for both reading and writing for this process. If CODING
@ -3022,8 +3021,8 @@ the value of PORT is used.
:buffer BUFFER -- BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer-name) to associate
with the process. Process output goes at the end of that buffer,
unless you specify an output stream or filter function to handle the
output. If BUFFER is not given, the value of NAME is used.
unless you specify a filter function to handle the output. If BUFFER
is not given, the value of NAME is used.
:coding CODING -- If CODING is a symbol, it specifies the coding
system used for both reading and writing for this process. If CODING
@ -3685,9 +3684,8 @@ to make it unique.
:buffer BUFFER -- BUFFER is the buffer (or buffer-name) to associate
with the process. Process output goes at end of that buffer, unless
you specify an output stream or filter function to handle the output.
BUFFER may be also nil, meaning that this process is not associated
with any buffer.
you specify a filter function to handle the output. BUFFER may be
also nil, meaning that this process is not associated with any buffer.
:host HOST -- HOST is name of the host to connect to, or its IP
address. The symbol `local' specifies the local host. If specified

13
src/w32term.c
View file

@ -6922,10 +6922,15 @@ w32_initialize_display_info (Lisp_Object display_name)
memset (dpyinfo, 0, sizeof (*dpyinfo));
dpyinfo->name_list_element = Fcons (display_name, Qnil);
dpyinfo->w32_id_name = xmalloc (SCHARS (Vinvocation_name)
+ SCHARS (Vsystem_name) + 2);
sprintf (dpyinfo->w32_id_name, "%s@%s",
SDATA (Vinvocation_name), SDATA (Vsystem_name));
if (STRINGP (Vsystem_name))
{
dpyinfo->w32_id_name = xmalloc (SCHARS (Vinvocation_name)
+ SCHARS (Vsystem_name) + 2);
sprintf (dpyinfo->w32_id_name, "%s@%s",
SDATA (Vinvocation_name), SDATA (Vsystem_name));
}
else
dpyinfo->w32_id_name = xlispstrdup (Vinvocation_name);
/* Default Console mode values - overridden when running in GUI mode
with values obtained from system metrics. */

19
src/xrdb.c
View file

@ -376,15 +376,18 @@ get_environ_db (void)
if (!p)
{
/* Use ~/.Xdefaults-HOSTNAME. */
char *home = gethomedir ();
ptrdiff_t homelen = strlen (home);
Lisp_Object system_name = Fsystem_name ();
ptrdiff_t filenamesize = (homelen + sizeof xdefaults
+ 1 + SBYTES (system_name));
p = filename = xrealloc (home, filenamesize);
lispstpcpy (stpcpy (stpcpy (filename + homelen, xdefaults), "-"),
system_name);
if (STRINGP (system_name))
{
/* Use ~/.Xdefaults-HOSTNAME. */
char *home = gethomedir ();
ptrdiff_t homelen = strlen (home);
ptrdiff_t filenamesize = (homelen + sizeof xdefaults
+ 1 + SBYTES (system_name));
p = filename = xrealloc (home, filenamesize);
lispstpcpy (stpcpy (stpcpy (filename + homelen, xdefaults), "-"),
system_name);
}
}
db = XrmGetFileDatabase (p);

16
src/xterm.c
View file

@ -12141,6 +12141,8 @@ same_x_server (const char *name1, const char *name2)
{
bool seen_colon = false;
Lisp_Object sysname = Fsystem_name ();
if (! STRINGP (sysname))
sysname = empty_unibyte_string;
const char *system_name = SSDATA (sysname);
ptrdiff_t system_name_length = SBYTES (sysname);
ptrdiff_t length_until_period = 0;
@ -12563,15 +12565,19 @@ x_term_init (Lisp_Object display_name, char *xrm_option, char *resource_name)
#endif
Lisp_Object system_name = Fsystem_name ();
ptrdiff_t nbytes;
if (INT_ADD_WRAPV (SBYTES (Vinvocation_name), SBYTES (system_name) + 2,
&nbytes))
ptrdiff_t nbytes = SBYTES (Vinvocation_name) + 1;
if (STRINGP (system_name)
&& INT_ADD_WRAPV (nbytes, SBYTES (system_name) + 1, &nbytes))
memory_full (SIZE_MAX);
dpyinfo->x_id = ++x_display_id;
dpyinfo->x_id_name = xmalloc (nbytes);
char *nametail = lispstpcpy (dpyinfo->x_id_name, Vinvocation_name);
*nametail++ = '@';
lispstpcpy (nametail, system_name);
if (STRINGP (system_name))
{
*nametail++ = '@';
lispstpcpy (nametail, system_name);
}
/* Figure out which modifier bits mean what. */
x_find_modifier_meanings (dpyinfo);

17
test/lisp/subr-tests.el
View file

@ -325,5 +325,22 @@ cf. Bug#25477."
(should (equal (butlast (new-list-fn))
(assoc-delete-all "foo" (new-list-fn))))))
(ert-deftest shell-quote-argument-%-on-w32 ()
"Quoting of `%' in w32 shells isn't perfect.
See https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=19350."
:expected-result :failed
(skip-unless (and (fboundp 'w32-shell-dos-semantics)
(w32-shell-dos-semantics)))
(let ((process-environment (append '("ca^=with-caret"
"ca=without-caret")
process-environment)))
;; It actually results in
;; without-caret with-caret
(should (equal (shell-command-to-string
(format "echo %s %s"
"%ca%"
(shell-quote-argument "%ca%")))
"without-caret %ca%"))))
(provide 'subr-tests)
;;; subr-tests.el ends here

2
test/lisp/textmodes/css-mode-tests.el
View file

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
;; Check that the `color' property doesn't cause infinite recursion
;; because it refers to the value class of the same name.
(should (= (length (css--property-values "color")) 152)))
(should (= (length (css--property-values "color")) 154)))
(ert-deftest css-test-property-value-cache ()
"Test that `css--property-value-cache' is in use."