diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-1.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-1.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7965e3c2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-1.C
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// { dg-do preprocess { target { ! c++23 } } }
+
+#include "../../gcc.dg/cpp/c11-elifdef-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-2.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-2.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64082710fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-2.C
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess { target c++23 } }
+
+#include "../../gcc.dg/cpp/c2x-elifdef-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-3.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9acce06e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-3.C
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess { target c++23 } }
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#elifdef A // { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" }
+#elifdef B // { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" }
+#elifndef A // { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" }
+#elifndef B // { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" }
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifdef A // { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifdef B // { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifndef A // { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifndef B // { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A = // { dg-error "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B = // { dg-error "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A = // { dg-error "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B = // { dg-error "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef // { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef // { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef , // { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef , // { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" }
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-4.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-4.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08edf583fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-4.C
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+#include "../../gcc.dg/cpp/c2x-elifdef-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-5.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-5.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7d4007d345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-5.C
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess }
+// { dg-options "" }
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#elifdef A // { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" }
+#elifdef B // { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" }
+#elifndef A // { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" }
+#elifndef B // { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" }
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifdef A // { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifdef B // { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifndef A // { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 1 // { dg-error "-:began here" }
+#else
+#elifndef B // { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A = // { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B = // { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A = // { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B = // { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef // { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifdef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef // { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifndef directive" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef , // { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef , // { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" }
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-6.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-6.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94d2118aae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-6.C
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess }
+// { dg-options "-pedantic" }
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	// { dg-warning "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#define M1 1
+#endif
+
+#if M1 != 1
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B
+#error "#elifdef B applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A
+#error "#elifndef A applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	// { dg-warning "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#define M2 2
+#endif
+
+#if M2 != 2
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	// { dg-warning "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#else
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	// { dg-warning "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#else
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef A	// { dg-warning "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef B	// { dg-warning "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+// As with #elif, the syntax of the new directives is relaxed after a
+   non-skipped group. 
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef x * y	// { dg-warning "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef !	// { dg-warning "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-7.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-7.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb9b8efab94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp/elifdef-7.C
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// P2334R1
+// { dg-do preprocess }
+// { dg-options "-pedantic-errors" }
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	// { dg-error "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#define M1 1
+#endif
+
+#if M1 != 1
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B
+#error "#elifdef B applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A
+#error "#elifndef A applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	// { dg-error "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#define M2 2
+#endif
+
+#if M2 != 2
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	// { dg-error "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#else
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	// { dg-error "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#else
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef A	// { dg-error "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef B	// { dg-error "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+// As with #elif, the syntax of the new directives is relaxed after a
+   non-skipped group. 
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef x * y	// { dg-error "#elifdef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef !	// { dg-error "#elifndef before C\\\+\\\+23 is a GCC extension" "" { target c++20_down } }
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efcfbc93270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/* Test #elifdef and #elifndef in GNU11.  */
+/* { dg-do preprocess } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11" } */
+
+#include "c2x-elifdef-1.c"
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-2.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5bd7056de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* Test #elifdef and #elifndef in GNU11: erroneous usages.  */
+/* { dg-do preprocess } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11" } */
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#elifdef A /* { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" } */
+#elifdef B /* { dg-error "#elifdef without #if" } */
+#elifndef A /* { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" } */
+#elifndef B /* { dg-error "#elifndef without #if" } */
+
+#if 1 /* { dg-error "-:began here" } */
+#else
+#elifdef A /* { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1 /* { dg-error "-:began here" } */
+#else
+#elifdef B /* { dg-error "#elifdef after #else" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1 /* { dg-error "-:began here" } */
+#else
+#elifndef A /* { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1 /* { dg-error "-:began here" } */
+#else
+#elifndef B /* { dg-error "#elifndef after #else" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A = /* { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B = /* { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifdef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A = /* { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B = /* { dg-warning "extra tokens at end of #elifndef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef /* { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifdef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef /* { dg-error "no macro name given in #elifndef directive" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef , /* { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef , /* { dg-error "macro names must be identifiers" } */
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-3.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b769a73a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* Test #elifdef and #elifndef in GNU11.  */
+/* { dg-do preprocess } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -pedantic" } */
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-warning "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#define M1 1
+#endif
+
+#if M1 != 1
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B
+#error "#elifdef B applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A
+#error "#elifndef A applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-warning "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#define M2 2
+#endif
+
+#if M2 != 2
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-warning "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#else
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-warning "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#else
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-warning "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-warning "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+/* As with #elif, the syntax of the new directives is relaxed after a
+   non-skipped group.  */
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef x * y	/* { dg-warning "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef !	/* { dg-warning "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-4.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-4.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aba34673366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/cpp/gnu11-elifdef-4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* Test #elifdef and #elifndef in GNU11.  */
+/* { dg-do preprocess } */
+/* { dg-options "-std=gnu11 -pedantic-errors" } */
+
+#define A
+#undef B
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-error "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#define M1 1
+#endif
+
+#if M1 != 1
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef B
+#error "#elifdef B applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef A
+#error "#elifndef A applied"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-error "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#define M2 2
+#endif
+
+#if M2 != 2
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-error "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#else
+#error "#elifdef A did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-error "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#else
+#error "#elifndef B did not apply"
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef A	/* { dg-error "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef B	/* { dg-error "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+/* As with #elif, the syntax of the new directives is relaxed after a
+   non-skipped group.  */
+
+#if 1
+#elifdef x * y	/* { dg-error "#elifdef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#elifndef !	/* { dg-error "#elifndef before C2X is a GCC extension" } */
+#endif
diff --git a/libcpp/directives.c b/libcpp/directives.c
index 261a584c550..b4bc8b4df30 100644
--- a/libcpp/directives.c
+++ b/libcpp/directives.c
@@ -447,7 +447,11 @@ _cpp_handle_directive (cpp_reader *pfile, bool indented)
       if (dname->val.node.node->is_directive)
 	{
 	  dir = &dtable[dname->val.node.node->directive_index];
-	  if ((dir->flags & ELIFDEF) && !CPP_OPTION (pfile, elifdef))
+	  if ((dir->flags & ELIFDEF)
+	      && !CPP_OPTION (pfile, elifdef)
+	      /* For -std=gnu* modes elifdef is supported with
+		 a pedwarn if pedantic.  */
+	      && CPP_OPTION (pfile, std))
 	    dir = 0;
 	}
     }
@@ -2117,7 +2121,26 @@ do_elif (cpp_reader *pfile)
 	 are skipped and their controlling directives are processed as
 	 if they were in a group that is skipped."  */
       if (ifs->skip_elses)
-	pfile->state.skipping = 1;
+	{
+	  /* In older GNU standards, #elifdef/#elifndef is supported
+	     as an extension, but pedwarn if -pedantic if the presence
+	     of the directive would be rejected.  */
+	  if (pfile->directive != &dtable[T_ELIF]
+	      && ! CPP_OPTION (pfile, elifdef)
+	      && CPP_PEDANTIC (pfile)
+	      && !pfile->state.skipping)
+	    {
+	      if (CPP_OPTION (pfile, cplusplus))
+		cpp_error (pfile, CPP_DL_PEDWARN,
+			   "#%s before C++23 is a GCC extension",
+			   pfile->directive->name);
+	      else
+		cpp_error (pfile, CPP_DL_PEDWARN,
+			   "#%s before C2X is a GCC extension",
+			   pfile->directive->name);
+	    }
+	  pfile->state.skipping = 1;
+	}
       else
 	{
 	  if (pfile->directive == &dtable[T_ELIF])
@@ -2139,6 +2162,22 @@ do_elif (cpp_reader *pfile)
 		  if (pfile->cb.used)
 		    pfile->cb.used (pfile, pfile->directive_line, node);
 		  check_eol (pfile, false);
+		  /* In older GNU standards, #elifdef/#elifndef is supported
+		     as an extension, but pedwarn if -pedantic if the presence
+		     of the directive would change behavior.  */
+		  if (! CPP_OPTION (pfile, elifdef)
+		      && CPP_PEDANTIC (pfile)
+		      && pfile->state.skipping != skip)
+		    {
+		      if (CPP_OPTION (pfile, cplusplus))
+			cpp_error (pfile, CPP_DL_PEDWARN,
+				   "#%s before C++23 is a GCC extension",
+				   pfile->directive->name);
+		      else
+			cpp_error (pfile, CPP_DL_PEDWARN,
+				   "#%s before C2X is a GCC extension",
+				   pfile->directive->name);
+		    }
 		  pfile->state.skipping = skip;
 		}
 	    }
diff --git a/libcpp/init.c b/libcpp/init.c
index eda17a6a038..5a424e23553 100644
--- a/libcpp/init.c
+++ b/libcpp/init.c
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ static const struct lang_flags lang_defaults[] =
   /* CXX17    */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,    1,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      0,   1,     0,   0,   0 },
   /* GNUCXX20 */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,    0,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   0,   0 },
   /* CXX20    */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,    1,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   0,   0 },
-  /* GNUCXX23 */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,    0,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   1,   0 },
-  /* CXX23    */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,    1,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   1,   0 },
+  /* GNUCXX23 */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,    0,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   1,   1 },
+  /* CXX23    */  { 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,    1,  1,   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,     0,   1,      1,   1,     0,   1,   1 },
   /* ASM      */  { 0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0,    0,  0,   0,   0,   0,    0,     0,     0,   0,      0,   0,     0,   0,   0 }
 };