extend.texi: Use @smallexample consistently.
2012-11-18 Sandra Loosemore <sandra@codesourcery.com> gcc/ * doc/extend.texi: Use @smallexample consistently. Add @noindent when continuing a sentence or paragraph past an example. Change tabs to spaces in examples. From-SVN: r193611
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Sandra Loosemore
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2 changed files with 88 additions and 35 deletions
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@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
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2012-11-18 Sandra Loosemore <sandra@codesourcery.com>
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* doc/extend.texi: Use @smallexample consistently. Add @noindent
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when continuing a sentence or paragraph past an example. Change
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tabs to spaces in examples.
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2012-11-18 Richard Sandiford <rdsandiford@googlemail.com>
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* doc/md.texi (extv@var{m}, extvmisalign@var{m}, extzv@var{m})
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@ -339,6 +339,7 @@ serves as a jump table:
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static void *array[] = @{ &&foo, &&bar, &&hack @};
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Then you can select a label with indexing, like this:
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@smallexample
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@ -1280,7 +1281,7 @@ Objects in this address space are located in @code{.progmem.data}.
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@b{Example}
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@example
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@smallexample
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char my_read (const __flash char ** p)
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@{
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/* p is a pointer to RAM that points to a pointer to flash.
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@ -1301,7 +1302,7 @@ int main (void)
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/* Return 17 by reading from flash memory */
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return array[array[i]];
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@}
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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For each named address space supported by avr-gcc there is an equally
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@ -1309,7 +1310,7 @@ named but uppercase built-in macro defined.
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The purpose is to facilitate testing if respective address space
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support is available or not:
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@example
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@smallexample
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#ifdef __FLASH
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const __flash int var = 1;
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@ -1327,7 +1328,7 @@ int read_var (void)
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return (int) pgm_read_word (&var);
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@}
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#endif /* __FLASH */
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Notice that attribute @ref{AVR Variable Attributes,,@code{progmem}}
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@ -1367,10 +1368,12 @@ as immediates into operands of instructions.
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@item
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The following code initializes a variable @code{pfoo}
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located in static storage with a 24-bit address:
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@example
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@smallexample
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extern const __memx char foo;
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const __memx void *pfoo = &foo;
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Such code requires at least binutils 2.23, see
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@w{@uref{http://sourceware.org/PR13503,PR13503}}.
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@ -1404,6 +1407,7 @@ belonging to another address space by qualifying the type with the
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extern int __ea i;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The compiler generates special code to access the variable @code{i}.
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It may use runtime library
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support, or generate special machine instructions to access that address
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@ -1620,6 +1624,7 @@ example:
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#define debug(format, ...) fprintf (stderr, format, __VA_ARGS__)
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Here @samp{@dots{}} is a @dfn{variable argument}. In the invocation of
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such a macro, it represents the zero or more tokens until the closing
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parenthesis that ends the invocation, including any commas. This set of
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@ -1634,6 +1639,7 @@ argument. Here is an example:
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#define debug(format, args...) fprintf (stderr, format, args)
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This is in all ways equivalent to the ISO C example above, but arguably
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more readable and descriptive.
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@ -1661,6 +1667,7 @@ used with the token paste operator, @samp{##}. If instead you write
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#define debug(format, ...) fprintf (stderr, format, ## __VA_ARGS__)
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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and if the variable arguments are omitted or empty, the @samp{##}
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operator causes the preprocessor to remove the comma before it. If you
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do provide some variable arguments in your macro invocation, GNU CPP
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@ -2151,6 +2158,7 @@ void __f () @{ /* @r{Do something.} */; @}
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void f () __attribute__ ((weak, alias ("__f")));
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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defines @samp{f} to be a weak alias for @samp{__f}. In C++, the
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mangled name for the target must be used. It is an error if @samp{__f}
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is not defined in the same translation unit.
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@ -2198,6 +2206,7 @@ void* my_calloc(size_t, size_t) __attribute__((alloc_size(1,2)))
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void my_realloc(void*, size_t) __attribute__((alloc_size(2)))
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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declares that @code{my_calloc} returns memory of the size given by
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the product of parameter 1 and 2 and that @code{my_realloc} returns memory
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of the size given by parameter 2.
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@ -2324,6 +2333,7 @@ typedef int intfn ();
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extern const intfn square;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This approach does not work in GNU C++ from 2.6.0 on, since the language
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specifies that the @samp{const} must be attached to the return value.
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@ -2762,6 +2772,7 @@ static void (*resolve_memcpy (void)) (void)
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The exported header file declaring the function the user calls would
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contain:
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@ -2769,6 +2780,7 @@ contain:
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extern void *memcpy (void *, const void *, size_t);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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allowing the user to call this as a regular function, unaware of the
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implementation. Finally, the indirect function needs to be defined in
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the same translation unit as the resolver function:
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@ -3155,6 +3167,8 @@ optimized away, put
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@smallexample
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asm ("");
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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(@pxref{Extended Asm}) in the called function, to serve as a special
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side-effect.
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@ -3241,6 +3255,7 @@ typedef void voidfn ();
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volatile voidfn fatal;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This approach does not work in GNU C++.
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@item nothrow
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@ -3981,6 +3996,7 @@ for some system calls.
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extern int foo () __attribute__((version_id ("20040821")));
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Calls to @var{foo} are mapped to calls to @var{foo@{20040821@}}.
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@item visibility ("@var{visibility_type}")
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@ -4104,6 +4120,7 @@ int foo ()
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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results in warning on line 5.
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@item weak
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@ -4862,7 +4879,7 @@ of the data but not how this data is accessed.
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In order to read data located with the @code{progmem} attribute
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(inline) assembler must be used.
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@example
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@smallexample
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/* Use custom macros from @w{@uref{http://nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual,AVR-LibC}} */
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#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
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@ -4874,7 +4891,7 @@ int read_var (int i)
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/* Access var[] by accessor macro from avr/pgmspace.h */
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return (int) pgm_read_word (& var[i]);
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@}
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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AVR is a Harvard architecture processor and data and read-only data
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normally resides in the data memory (RAM).
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@ -4968,9 +4985,9 @@ memory-mapped peripherals. If an address is specified, the variable
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is assigned that address, else it is not assigned an address (it is
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assumed some other module assigns an address). Example:
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@example
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@smallexample
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int timer_count __attribute__((io(0x123)));
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@item cb
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@itemx cb (@var{addr})
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@ -4978,9 +4995,9 @@ Variables with the @code{cb} attribute are used to access the control
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bus, using special instructions. @code{addr} indicates the control bus
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address. Example:
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@example
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@smallexample
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int cpu_clock __attribute__((cb(0x123)));
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@end table
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@ -5051,6 +5068,7 @@ struct
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@} t1;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The size of @code{t1} is 8 bytes with the zero-length bit-field. If the
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zero-length bit-field were removed, @code{t1}'s size would be 4 bytes.
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@ -5076,6 +5094,7 @@ struct
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@} t3;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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For @code{t2}, @code{bar} is placed at offset 2, rather than offset 1.
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Accordingly, the size of @code{t2} is 4. For @code{t3}, the zero-length
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bit-field does not affect the alignment of @code{bar} or, as a result, the size
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@ -5100,6 +5119,7 @@ struct
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@} t4;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Here, @code{t4} takes up 4 bytes.
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@end enumerate
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@ -5114,6 +5134,7 @@ struct
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@} t5;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Here, @code{t5} takes up 2 bytes.
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@end enumerate
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@end table
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@ -5343,6 +5364,7 @@ typedef union __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__))
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pid_t wait (wait_status_ptr_t);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This interface allows either @code{int *} or @code{union wait *}
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arguments to be passed, using the @code{int *} calling convention.
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The program can call @code{wait} with arguments of either type:
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@ -5352,6 +5374,7 @@ int w1 () @{ int w; return wait (&w); @}
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int w2 () @{ union wait w; return wait (&w); @}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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With this interface, @code{wait}'s implementation might look like this:
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@smallexample
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@ -5434,6 +5457,7 @@ main (void)
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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If you replaced @code{short_a} with @code{short} in the variable
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declaration, the above program would abort when compiled with
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@option{-fstrict-aliasing}, which is on by default at @option{-O2} or
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@ -5476,6 +5500,7 @@ __declspec(dllexport)
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C::C() @{@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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In this code, @code{C::C} is exported from the current DLL, but the
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virtual table for @code{C} is not exported. (You can use
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@code{__attribute__} instead of @code{__declspec} if you prefer, but
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@ -5740,6 +5765,7 @@ volatile int vobj;
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vobj = 1;
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Unless @var{*ptr} and @var{vobj} can be aliased, it is not guaranteed
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that the write to @var{*ptr} occurs by the time the update
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of @var{vobj} happens. If you need this guarantee, you must use
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@ -6184,6 +6210,7 @@ int frob(int x)
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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In this (inefficient) example, the @code{frob} instruction sets the
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carry bit to indicate an error. The @code{jc} instruction detects
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this and branches to the @code{error} label. Finally, the output
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@ -6214,6 +6241,7 @@ void doit(void)
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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In this (also inefficient) example, the @code{mfsr} instruction reads
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an address from some out-of-band machine register, and the following
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@code{jmp} instruction branches to that address. The address read by
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@ -6236,6 +6264,7 @@ does not in fact fall through.
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#define TRACE TRACE1(__COUNTER__)
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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In this example (which in fact inspired the @code{asm goto} feature)
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we want on rare occasions to call the @code{trace} function; on other
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occasions we'd like to keep the overhead to the absolute minimum.
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@ -6305,6 +6334,7 @@ use the input reg for an output reload. Consider this example:
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asm ("foo" : "=t" (a) : "f" (b));
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This asm says that input B is not popped by the asm, and that
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the asm pushes a result onto the reg-stack, i.e., the stack is one
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deeper after the asm than it was before. But, it is possible that
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@ -6353,6 +6383,7 @@ takes one input, which is internally popped, and produces two outputs.
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asm ("fsincos" : "=t" (cos), "=u" (sin) : "0" (inp));
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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This asm takes two inputs, which are popped by the @code{fyl2xp1} opcode,
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and replaces them with one output. The user must code the @code{st(1)}
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clobber for reg-stack.c to know that @code{fyl2xp1} pops both inputs.
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@ -6603,6 +6634,8 @@ assignment, for example @code{r0} below:
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register int *p1 asm ("r0") = @dots{};
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register int *p2 asm ("r1") = @dots{};
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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In those cases, a solution is to use a temporary variable for
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each arbitrary expression. @xref{Example of asm with clobbered asm reg}.
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@ -6830,6 +6863,7 @@ types. This should be done using an appropriate @code{typedef}:
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typedef int v4si __attribute__ ((vector_size (16)));
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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The @code{int} type specifies the base type, while the attribute specifies
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the vector size for the variable, measured in bytes. For example, the
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declaration above causes the compiler to set the mode for the @code{v4si}
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@ -6995,6 +7029,7 @@ This extension is sufficient such that
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#define offsetof(@var{type}, @var{member}) __builtin_offsetof (@var{type}, @var{member})
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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is a suitable definition of the @code{offsetof} macro. In C++, @var{type}
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may be dependent. In either case, @var{member} may consist of a single
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identifier, or a sequence of member accesses and array references.
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@ -8302,6 +8337,7 @@ int f (int c, int v)
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@}
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Because the @code{asm} statement unconditionally transfers control out
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of the function, control never reaches the end of the function
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body. The @code{__builtin_unreachable} is in fact unreachable and
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@ -8341,6 +8377,7 @@ if it is nonzero means misalignment offset. For example:
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void *x = __builtin_assume_aligned (arg, 16);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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means that the compiler can assume @code{x}, set to @code{arg}, is at least
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16-byte aligned, while:
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@ -8348,6 +8385,7 @@ means that the compiler can assume @code{x}, set to @code{arg}, is at least
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void *x = __builtin_assume_aligned (arg, 32, 8);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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means that the compiler can assume for @code{x}, set to @code{arg}, that
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@code{(char *) x - 8} is 32-byte aligned.
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@end deftypefn
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@ -11739,6 +11777,7 @@ does not work:
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vec_add ((vector signed int)@{1, 2, 3, 4@}, foo);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Since @code{vec_add} is a macro, the vector constant in the example
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is treated as four separate arguments. Wrap the entire argument in
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parentheses for this to work.
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@ -14055,6 +14094,7 @@ does not work:
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spu_add ((vector signed int)@{1, 2, 3, 4@}, foo);
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@end smallexample
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@noindent
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Since @code{spu_add} is a macro, the vector constant in the example
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is treated as four separate arguments. Wrap the entire argument in
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parentheses for this to work.
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@ -14155,7 +14195,8 @@ unsigned __insn_@var{op} (...)
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@end smallexample
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Where @var{op} is the name of the instruction. Refer to the ISA manual
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@noindent
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where @var{op} is the name of the instruction. Refer to the ISA manual
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for the complete list of instructions.
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GCC also provides intrinsics to directly access the network registers.
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@ -14286,10 +14327,10 @@ compatibility with other compilers, but note that the common
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@code{1234H} numeric syntax is not supported (use @code{0x1234}
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instead). Example:
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@example
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@smallexample
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#pragma ADDRESS port3 0x103
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char port3;
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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@end table
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@ -14311,9 +14352,9 @@ Specifies which coprocessor registers are available to the register
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allocator. @var{registers} may be a single register, register range
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separated by ellipses, or comma-separated list of those. Example:
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@example
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@smallexample
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#pragma GCC coprocessor available $c0...$c10, $c28
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@end example
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@end smallexample
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|
||||
@item GCC coprocessor call_saved @var{registers}
|
||||
@cindex pragma, coprocessor call_saved
|
||||
|
|
@ -14322,9 +14363,9 @@ any function using them. @var{registers} may be a single register,
|
|||
register range separated by ellipses, or comma-separated list of
|
||||
those. Example:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
#pragma GCC coprocessor call_saved $c4...$c6, $c31
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@item GCC coprocessor subclass '(A|B|C|D)' = @var{registers}
|
||||
@cindex pragma, coprocessor subclass
|
||||
|
|
@ -14333,11 +14374,11 @@ used by inline @code{asm} constructs. @var{registers} may be a single
|
|||
register, register range separated by ellipses, or comma-separated
|
||||
list of those. Example:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
#pragma GCC coprocessor subclass 'B' = $c2, $c4, $c6
|
||||
|
||||
asm ("cpfoo %0" : "=B" (x));
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@item GCC disinterrupt @var{name} , @var{name} @dots{}
|
||||
@cindex pragma, disinterrupt
|
||||
|
|
@ -14346,21 +14387,21 @@ for the duration of those functions. If any functions so named
|
|||
are not encountered in the source, a warning is emitted that the pragma is
|
||||
not used. Examples:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
#pragma disinterrupt foo
|
||||
#pragma disinterrupt bar, grill
|
||||
int foo () @{ @dots{} @}
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@item GCC call @var{name} , @var{name} @dots{}
|
||||
@cindex pragma, call
|
||||
For the named functions, the compiler always uses a register-indirect
|
||||
call model when calling the named functions. Examples:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
extern int foo ();
|
||||
#pragma call foo
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14577,11 +14618,11 @@ in effect), or @samp{ignored} if the diagnostic is to be ignored.
|
|||
@var{option} is a double quoted string that matches the command-line
|
||||
option.
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wformat"
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-Wformat"
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat"
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Note that these pragmas override any command-line options. GCC keeps
|
||||
track of the location of each pragma, and issues diagnostics according
|
||||
|
|
@ -14596,17 +14637,17 @@ Causes GCC to remember the state of the diagnostics as of each
|
|||
@code{pop} has no matching @code{push}, the command-line options are
|
||||
restored.
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-Wuninitialized"
|
||||
foo(a); /* error is given for this one */
|
||||
foo(a); /* error is given for this one */
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
|
||||
foo(b); /* no diagnostic for this one */
|
||||
foo(b); /* no diagnostic for this one */
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
|
||||
foo(c); /* error is given for this one */
|
||||
foo(c); /* error is given for this one */
|
||||
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
|
||||
foo(d); /* depends on command-line options */
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
foo(d); /* depends on command-line options */
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14634,6 +14675,7 @@ information. For example,
|
|||
TODO(Remember to fix this)
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
prints @samp{/tmp/file.c:4: note: #pragma message:
|
||||
TODO - Remember to fix this}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14691,6 +14733,7 @@ For example:
|
|||
int x [X];
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
In this example, the definition of X as 1 is saved by @code{#pragma
|
||||
push_macro} and restored by @code{#pragma pop_macro}.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14779,13 +14822,14 @@ struct @{
|
|||
@} foo;
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
In this example, you are able to access members of the unnamed
|
||||
union with code like @samp{foo.b}. Note that only unnamed structs and
|
||||
unions are allowed, you may not have, for example, an unnamed
|
||||
@code{int}.
|
||||
|
||||
You must never create such structures that cause ambiguous field definitions.
|
||||
For example, this structure:
|
||||
For example, in this structure:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
struct @{
|
||||
|
|
@ -14796,7 +14840,8 @@ struct @{
|
|||
@} foo;
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
It is ambiguous which @code{a} is being referred to with @samp{foo.a}.
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
it is ambiguous which @code{a} is being referred to with @samp{foo.a}.
|
||||
The compiler gives errors for such constructs.
|
||||
|
||||
@opindex fms-extensions
|
||||
|
|
@ -14821,6 +14866,7 @@ extern void f1 (struct s1 *);
|
|||
void f2 (struct s2 *p) @{ f1 (p); @}
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
In the call to @code{f1} inside @code{f2}, the pointer @code{p} is
|
||||
converted into a pointer to the anonymous field.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -15529,6 +15575,7 @@ template ostream& operator <<
|
|||
(ostream&, const Foo<int>&);
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
for each of the instances you need, and create a template instantiation
|
||||
library from those.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue