PR 90356: Use xor to load const_double 0.0 on SSE (always)

Implementations of the x87 floating point instruction set have always
had some pretty strange characteristics.  For example on the original
Intel Pentium the FLDPI instruction (to load 3.14159... into a register)
took 5 cycles, and the FLDZ instruction (to load 0.0) took 2 cycles,
when a regular FLD (load from memory) took just 1 cycle!?  Given that
back then memory latencies were much lower (relatively) than they are
today, these instructions were all but useless except when optimizing
for size (impressively FLDZ/FLDPI require only two bytes).

Such was the world back in 2006 when Uros Bizjak first added support for
fldz https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2006-November/202589.html
and then shortly after sensibly disabled them for !optimize_size with
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2006-November/204405.html

Alas this vestigial logic still persists in the compiler today,
so for example on x86_64 for the following function:

double foo(double x) { return x + 0.0; }

generates with -O2

foo:    addsd   .LC0(%rip), %xmm0
        ret
.LC0:   .long   0
        .long   0

preferring to read the constant 0.0 from memory [the constant pool],
except when optimizing for size.  With -Os we get:

foo:    xorps   %xmm1, %xmm1
        addsd   %xmm1, %xmm0
        ret

Which is not only smaller (the two instructions require seven bytes vs.
eight for the original addsd from mem, even without considering the
constant pool) but is also faster on modern hardware.  The latter code
sequence is generated by both clang and msvc with -O2.  Indeed Agner
Fogg documents the set of floating point/SSE constants that it's
cheaper to materialize than to load from memory.

This patch shuffles the conditions on the i386 backend's *movtf_internal,
*movdf_internal and *movsf_internal define_insns to untangle the newer
TARGET_SSE_MATH clauses from the historical standard_80387_constant_p
conditions.  Amongst the benefits of this are that it improves the code
generated for PR tree-optimization/90356 and resolves PR target/86722.

2022-03-17  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	PR target/86722
	PR tree-optimization/90356
	* config/i386/i386.md (*movtf_internal): Don't guard
	standard_sse_constant_p clause by optimize_function_for_size_p.
	(*movdf_internal): Likewise.
	(*movsf_internal): Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	PR target/86722
	PR tree-optimization/90356
	* gcc.target/i386/pr86722.c: New test case.
	* gcc.target/i386/pr90356.c: New test case.

gcc/config/i386/i386.md

@@ -3455,9 +3455,7 @@
    && !(MEM_P (operands[0]) && MEM_P (operands[1]))
    && (lra_in_progress || reload_completed
        || !CONST_DOUBLE_P (operands[1])
-       || ((optimize_function_for_size_p (cfun)
-	    || (ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE || ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE_PIC))
-	   && standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], TFmode) == 1
+       || (standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], TFmode) == 1
 	   && !memory_operand (operands[0], TFmode))
        || (!TARGET_MEMORY_MISMATCH_STALL
 	   && memory_operand (operands[0], TFmode)))"
@@ -3590,10 +3588,11 @@
        || !CONST_DOUBLE_P (operands[1])
        || ((optimize_function_for_size_p (cfun)
 	    || (ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE || ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE_PIC))
-	   && ((IS_STACK_MODE (DFmode)
-		&& standard_80387_constant_p (operands[1]) > 0)
-	       || (TARGET_SSE2 && TARGET_SSE_MATH
-		   && standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], DFmode) == 1))
+	   && IS_STACK_MODE (DFmode)
+	   && standard_80387_constant_p (operands[1]) > 0
+	   && !memory_operand (operands[0], DFmode))
+       || (TARGET_SSE2 && TARGET_SSE_MATH
+	   && standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], DFmode) == 1
 	   && !memory_operand (operands[0], DFmode))
        || ((TARGET_64BIT || !TARGET_MEMORY_MISMATCH_STALL)
 	   && memory_operand (operands[0], DFmode))
@@ -3762,10 +3761,10 @@
        || !CONST_DOUBLE_P (operands[1])
        || ((optimize_function_for_size_p (cfun)
 	    || (ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE || ix86_cmodel == CM_LARGE_PIC))
-	   && ((IS_STACK_MODE (SFmode)
-		&& standard_80387_constant_p (operands[1]) > 0)
-	       || (TARGET_SSE && TARGET_SSE_MATH
-		   && standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], SFmode) == 1)))
+	   && IS_STACK_MODE (SFmode)
+	   && standard_80387_constant_p (operands[1]) > 0)
+       || (TARGET_SSE && TARGET_SSE_MATH
+	   && standard_sse_constant_p (operands[1], SFmode) == 1)
        || memory_operand (operands[0], SFmode)
        || !TARGET_HARD_SF_REGS)"
 {

gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr86722.c

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target { ! ia32 } } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -msse" } */
+
+void f(double*d,double*e){
+  for(;d<e;++d)
+    *d=(*d<.5)?.7:0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "andnpd" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "orpd" } } */
+

gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr90356.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -msse2 -mfpmath=sse" } */
+float doit(float k){
+    float c[2]={0.0};
+    c[1]+=k;
+    return c[0]+c[1];
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "pxor" } } */