i386: New *ashl<dwi3>_doubleword_highpart define_insn_and_split.

This patch contains a pair of (related) optimizations in i386.md that
allow us to generate better code for the example below (this is a step
towards fixing a bugzilla PR, but I've forgotten the number).

__int128 foo64(__int128 x, long long y)
{
  __int128 t = (__int128)y << 64;
  return x ^ t;
}

The hidden issue is that the RTL currently seen by reload contains
the sign extension of y from DImode to TImode, even though this is
dead (not required) for left shifts by more than WORD_SIZE bits.

(insn 11 8 12 2 (parallel [
            (set (reg:TI 0 ax [orig:91 y ] [91])
                (sign_extend:TI (reg:DI 1 dx [97])))
            (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags))
            (clobber (scratch:DI))
        ]) {extendditi2}

What makes this particularly undesirable is that the sign-extension
pattern above requires an additional DImode scratch register, indicated
by the clobber, which unnecessarily increases register pressure.

The proposed solution is to add a define_insn_and_split for such
left shifts (of sign or zero extensions) that only have a non-zero
highpart, where the extension is redundant and eliminated, that can
be split after reload, without scratch registers or early clobbers.

This (late split) exposes a second optimization opportunity where
setting the lowpart to zero can sometimes be combined/simplified with
the following instruction during peephole2.

For the test case above, we previously generated with -O2:

foo64:	xorl    %eax, %eax
        xorq    %rsi, %rdx
        xorq    %rdi, %rax
        ret

with this patch, we now generate:

foo64:	movq    %rdi, %rax
        xorq    %rsi, %rdx
        ret

Likewise for the related -m32 test case, we go from:

foo32:  movl    12(%esp), %eax
        movl    %eax, %edx
        xorl    %eax, %eax
        xorl    8(%esp), %edx
        xorl    4(%esp), %eax
        ret

to the improved:

foo32:  movl    12(%esp), %edx
        movl    4(%esp), %eax
        xorl    8(%esp), %edx
        ret

2023-06-26  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	* config/i386/i386.md (peephole2): Simplify zeroing a register
	followed by an IOR, XOR or PLUS operation on it, into a move.
	(*ashl<dwi>3_doubleword_highpart): New define_insn_and_split to
	eliminate (and hide from reload) unnecessary word to doubleword
	extensions that are followed by left shifts by sufficiently large,
	but valid, bit counts.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	* gcc.target/i386/ashldi3-1.c: New 32-bit test case.
	* gcc.target/i386/ashlti3-2.c: New 64-bit test case.

gcc/config/i386/i386.md

@@ -12228,6 +12228,18 @@
    (set_attr "type" "alu")
    (set_attr "mode" "QI")])
 
+;; Peephole2 rega = 0; rega op= regb into rega = regb.
+(define_peephole2
+  [(parallel [(set (match_operand:SWI 0 "general_reg_operand")
+		   (const_int 0))
+	      (clobber (reg:CC FLAGS_REG))])
+   (parallel [(set (match_dup 0)
+		   (any_or_plus:SWI (match_dup 0)
+				    (match_operand:SWI 1 "<general_operand>")))
+	      (clobber (reg:CC FLAGS_REG))])]
+  ""
+  [(set (match_dup 0) (match_dup 1))])
+		
 ;; Split DST = (HI<<32)|LO early to minimize register usage.
 (define_insn_and_split "*concat<mode><dwi>3_1"
   [(set (match_operand:<DWI> 0 "nonimmediate_operand" "=ro,r")
@@ -13387,6 +13399,28 @@
   [(const_int 0)]
   "ix86_split_ashl (operands, operands[3], <DWI>mode); DONE;")
 
+(define_insn_and_split "*ashl<dwi>3_doubleword_highpart"
+  [(set (match_operand:<DWI> 0 "register_operand" "=r")
+	(ashift:<DWI>
+	  (any_extend:<DWI> (match_operand:DWIH 1 "nonimmediate_operand" "rm"))
+	  (match_operand:QI 2 "const_int_operand")))
+   (clobber (reg:CC FLAGS_REG))]
+  "INTVAL (operands[2]) >= <MODE_SIZE> * BITS_PER_UNIT
+   && INTVAL (operands[2]) < <MODE_SIZE> * BITS_PER_UNIT * 2"
+  "#"
+  "&& reload_completed"
+  [(const_int 0)]
+{
+  split_double_mode (<DWI>mode, &operands[0], 1, &operands[0], &operands[3]);
+  int bits = INTVAL (operands[2]) - (<MODE_SIZE> * BITS_PER_UNIT);
+  if (!rtx_equal_p (operands[3], operands[1]))
+    emit_move_insn (operands[3], operands[1]);
+  if (bits > 0)
+    emit_insn (gen_ashl<mode>3 (operands[3], operands[3], GEN_INT (bits)));
+  ix86_expand_clear (operands[0]);
+  DONE;
+})
+
 (define_insn "x86_64_shld"
   [(set (match_operand:DI 0 "nonimmediate_operand" "+r*m")
         (ior:DI (ashift:DI (match_dup 0)

gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/ashldi3-1.c

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target ia32 } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2" } */
+
+long long foo(long long x, int y)
+{
+  long long t = (long long)y << 32;
+  return x ^ t;
+}
+
+long long bar(long long x, int y)
+{
+  long long t = (long long)y << 35;
+  return x ^ t;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times "xorl" 2 } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/ashlti3-2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target int128 } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2" } */
+
+__int128 foo(__int128 x, long long y)
+{
+  __int128 t = (__int128)y << 64;
+  return x ^ t;
+}
+
+__int128 bar(__int128 x, long long y)
+{
+  __int128 t = (__int128)y << 67;
+  return x ^ t;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "xorl" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times "xorq" 2 } } */