Makefile.in: Update.
* Makefile.in: Update. doc: * cppenv.texi, cppopts.texi: Split out of cpp.texi and gcc.texi. Update documentation. * gcc.texi: Include cppopts.texi and cppenv.texi. * cpp.texi: Include cppopts.texi and cppenv.texi. From-SVN: r50599
This commit is contained in:
Neil Booth
Neil Booth
parent
abd3d6007c
commit
40adaa2797
6 changed files with 733 additions and 831 deletions
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@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
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2002-03-11 Neil Booth <neil@daikokuya.demon.co.uk>
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* Makefile.in: Update.
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doc:
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* cppenv.texi, cppopts.texi: Split out of cpp.texi and gcc.texi.
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Update documentation.
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* gcc.texi: Include cppopts.texi and cppenv.texi.
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* cpp.texi: Include cppopts.texi and cppenv.texi.
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2002-03-11 Zack Weinberg <zack@codesourcery.com>
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* Makefile.in: Give texi2pod its input file as a command line
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@ -2261,7 +2261,8 @@ docdir = $(srcdir)/doc
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doc: $(BUILD_INFO) $(GENERATED_MANPAGES) gccbug
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info: $(docdir)/cpp.info $(docdir)/gcc.info $(docdir)/gccint.info lang.info $(docdir)/cppinternals.info
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$(docdir)/cpp.info: $(docdir)/cpp.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi
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$(docdir)/cpp.info: $(docdir)/cpp.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi \
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$(docdir)/cppenv.texi $(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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cd $(srcdir) && $(MAKEINFO) $(MAKEINFOFLAGS) -I doc -I doc/include -o doc/cpp.info doc/cpp.texi
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$(docdir)/gcc.info: $(docdir)/gcc.texi $(docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi \
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@ -2272,7 +2273,7 @@ $(docdir)/gcc.info: $(docdir)/gcc.texi $(docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi \
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$(docdir)/contribute.texi $(docdir)/vms.texi \
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$(docdir)/include/funding.texi $(docdir)/gnu.texi \
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$(docdir)/include/gpl.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi \
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$(docdir)/contrib.texi
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$(docdir)/contrib.texi $(docdir)/cppenv.texi $(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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cd $(srcdir) && $(MAKEINFO) $(MAKEINFOFLAGS) -I doc -I doc/include -o doc/gcc.info doc/gcc.texi
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$(docdir)/gccint.info: $(docdir)/gccint.texi \
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@ -2296,7 +2297,8 @@ $(docdir)/cppinternals.info: $(docdir)/cppinternals.texi
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dvi: gcc.dvi gccint.dvi cpp.dvi lang.dvi cppinternals.dvi
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# This works with GNU Make's default rule.
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cpp.dvi: $(docdir)/cpp.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi
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cpp.dvi: $(docdir)/cpp.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi \
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$(docdir)/cppenv.texi $(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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$(TEXI2DVI) -I $(docdir) -I $(docdir)/include $(docdir)/cpp.texi
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gcc.dvi: $(docdir)/gcc.texi $(docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi \
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@ -2307,7 +2309,7 @@ gcc.dvi: $(docdir)/gcc.texi $(docdir)/include/gcc-common.texi \
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$(docdir)/contribute.texi $(docdir)/vms.texi \
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$(docdir)/include/funding.texi $(docdir)/gnu.texi \
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$(docdir)/include/gpl.texi $(docdir)/include/fdl.texi \
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$(docdir)/contrib.texi
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$(docdir)/contrib.texi $(docdir)/cppenv.texi $(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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$(TEXI2DVI) -I $(docdir) -I $(docdir)/include $(docdir)/gcc.texi
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gccint.dvi: $(docdir)/gccint.texi \
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@ -2339,7 +2341,8 @@ $(docdir)/gcov.1: $(docdir)/gcov.texi
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(rm -f $(docdir)/gcov.1.T$$$$ && exit 1)
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-rm -f gcov.pod
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$(docdir)/cpp.1: $(docdir)/cpp.texi
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$(docdir)/cpp.1: $(docdir)/cpp.texi $(docdir)/cppenv.texi \
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$(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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$(STAMP) $(docdir)/cpp.1
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-$(TEXI2POD) $(docdir)/cpp.texi > cpp.pod
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-($(POD2MAN) --section=1 cpp.pod > $(docdir)/cpp.1.T$$$$ && \
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@ -2347,7 +2350,8 @@ $(docdir)/cpp.1: $(docdir)/cpp.texi
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(rm -f $(docdir)/cpp.1.T$$$$ && exit 1)
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-rm -f cpp.pod
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$(docdir)/gcc.1: $(docdir)/invoke.texi
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$(docdir)/gcc.1: $(docdir)/invoke.texi $(docdir)/cppenv.texi \
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$(docdir)/cppopts.texi
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$(STAMP) $(docdir)/gcc.1
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-$(TEXI2POD) $(docdir)/invoke.texi > gcc.pod
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-($(POD2MAN) --section=1 gcc.pod > $(docdir)/gcc.1.T$$$$ && \
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|
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499
gcc/doc/cpp.texi
499
gcc/doc/cpp.texi
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@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ This manual contains no Invariant Sections. The Front-Cover Texts are
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@code{\body\}
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@end macro
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@c Create a separate index for command line options.
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@defcodeindex op
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@c Used in cppopts.texi and cppenv.texi.
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@set cppmanual
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@ifinfo
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@dircategory Programming
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@direntry
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@ -88,7 +94,9 @@ useful on its own.
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* Traditional Mode::
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* Implementation Details::
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* Invocation::
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* Environment Variables::
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* GNU Free Documentation License::
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* Option Index::
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* Index of Directives::
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* Concept Index::
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@ -3922,475 +3930,38 @@ options may @emph{not} be grouped: @option{-dM} is very different from
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@w{@samp{-d -M}}.
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@cindex options
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@table @gcctabopt
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@item -D @var{name}
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Predefine @var{name} as a macro, with definition @code{1}.
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@item -D @var{name}=@var{definition}
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Predefine @var{name} as a macro, with definition @var{definition}.
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There are no restrictions on the contents of @var{definition}, but if
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you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like program you
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may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect characters such as
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spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax. If you use more than
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one @option{-D} for the same @var{name}, the rightmost definition takes
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effect.
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If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write
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its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign
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(if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you will need
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to quote the option. With @command{sh} and @command{csh},
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@option{-D'@var{name}(@var{args@dots{}})=@var{definition}'} works.
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@item -U @var{name}
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Cancel any previous definition of @var{name}, either built in or
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provided with a @option{-D} option.
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All @option{-imacros @var{file}} and @option{-include @var{file}} options
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are processed after all @option{-D} and @option{-U} options.
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@item -undef
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Do not predefine any system-specific macros. The common predefined
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macros remain defined.
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@item -I @var{dir}
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Add the directory @var{dir} to the list of directories to be searched
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for header files. @xref{Search Path}. Directories named by @option{-I}
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are searched before the standard system include directories.
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It is dangerous to specify a standard system include directory in an
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@option{-I} option. This defeats the special treatment of system
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headers (@pxref{System Headers}). It can also defeat the repairs to
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buggy system headers which GCC makes when it is installed.
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@item -o @var{file}
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Write output to @var{file}. This is the same as specifying @var{file}
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as the second non-option argument to @command{cpp}. @command{gcc} has a
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different interpretation of a second non-option argument, so you must
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use @option{-o} to specify the output file.
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@item -Wall
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Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code. At
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present this is @option{-Wcomment} and @option{-Wtrigraphs}. Note that
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many of the preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no
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options to control them.
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@item -Wcomment
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@itemx -Wcomments
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Warn whenever a comment-start sequence @samp{/*} appears in a @samp{/*}
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comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a @samp{//} comment.
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(Both forms have the same effect.)
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@item -Wtrigraphs
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Warn if any trigraphs are encountered. This option used to take effect
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only if @option{-trigraphs} was also specified, but now works
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independently. Warnings are not given for trigraphs within comments, as
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they do not affect the meaning of the program.
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@item -Wtraditional
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Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and
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ISO C@. Also warn about ISO C constructs that have no traditional C
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equivalent, and problematic constructs which should be avoided.
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@xref{Traditional Mode}.
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@item -Wimport
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Warn the first time @samp{#import} is used.
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@item -Wundef
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Warn whenever an identifier which is not a macro is encountered in an
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@samp{#if} directive, outside of @samp{defined}. Such identifiers are
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replaced with zero.
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@item -Werror
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Make all warnings into hard errors. Source code which triggers warnings
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will be rejected.
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@item -Wsystem-headers
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Issue warnings for code in system headers. These are normally unhelpful
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in finding bugs in your own code, therefore suppressed. If you are
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responsible for the system library, you may want to see them.
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@item -w
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Suppress all warnings, including those which GNU CPP issues by default.
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@item -pedantic
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Issue all the mandatory diagnostics listed in the C standard. Some of
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them are left out by default, since they trigger frequently on harmless
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code.
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@item -pedantic-errors
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Issue all the mandatory diagnostics, and make all mandatory diagnostics
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into errors. This includes mandatory diagnostics that GCC issues
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without @samp{-pedantic} but treats as warnings.
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@item -M
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Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule
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suitable for @command{make} describing the dependencies of the main
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source file. The preprocessor outputs one @command{make} rule containing
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the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all
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the included files, including those coming from @option{-include} or
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@option{-imacros} command line options.
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||||
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||||
Unless specified explicitly (with @option{-MT} or @option{-MQ}), the
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||||
object file name consists of the basename of the source file with any
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||||
suffix replaced with object file suffix. If there are many included
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||||
files then the rule is split into several lines using @samp{\}-newline.
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The rule has no commands.
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Passing @option{-M} to the driver implies @option{-E}.
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@item -MM
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Like @option{-M} but do not mention header files that are found in
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system header directories, nor header files that are included,
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directly or indirectly, from such a header.
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||||
This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
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||||
@samp{#include} directive does not in itself determine whether that
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header will appear in @option{-MM} dependency output. This is a
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slight change in semantics from GCC versions 3.0 and earlier.
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@item -MF @var{file}
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@anchor{-MF}
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When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, specifies a
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file to write the dependencies to. If no @option{-MF} switch is given
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the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
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preprocessed output.
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||||
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When used with the driver options @option{-MD} or @option{-MMD},
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@option{-MF} overrides the default dependency output file.
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@item -MG
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When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, @option{-MG} says to treat missing
|
||||
header files as generated files and assume they live in the same
|
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directory as the source file. It suppresses preprocessed output, as a
|
||||
missing header file is ordinarily an error.
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This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles.
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@item -MP
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This option instructs CPP to add a phony target for each dependency
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other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These
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dummy rules work around errors @command{make} gives if you remove header
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files without updating the @file{Makefile} to match.
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This is typical output:
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@example
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test.o: test.c test.h
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test.h:
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@end example
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@item -MT @var{target}
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Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation. By
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default CPP takes the name of the main input file, including any path,
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deletes any file suffix such as @samp{.c}, and appends the platform's
|
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usual object suffix. The result is the target.
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||||
|
||||
An @option{-MT} option will set the target to be exactly the string you
|
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specify. If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single
|
||||
argument to @option{-MT}, or use multiple @option{-MT} options.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, @option{@w{-MT '$(objpfx)foo.o'}} might give
|
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|
||||
@example
|
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$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
|
||||
@end example
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||||
|
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@item -MQ @var{target}
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||||
|
||||
Same as @option{-MT}, but it quotes any characters which are special to
|
||||
Make. @option{@w{-MQ '$(objpfx)foo.o'}} gives
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||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
$$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with
|
||||
@option{-MQ}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MD
|
||||
@option{-MD} is equivalent to @option{-M -MF @var{file}}, except that
|
||||
@option{-E} is not implied. The driver determines @var{file} based on
|
||||
whether an @option{-o} option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
|
||||
argument but with a suffix of @file{.d}, otherwise it take the
|
||||
basename of the input file and applies a @file{.d} suffix.
|
||||
|
||||
If @option{-MD} is used in conjunction with @option{-E}, any
|
||||
@option{-o} switch is understood to specify the dependency output file
|
||||
(but @pxref{-MF}), but if used without @option{-E}, each @option{-o}
|
||||
is understood to specify a target object file.
|
||||
|
||||
Since @option{-E} is not implied, @option{-MD} can be used to generate
|
||||
a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MMD
|
||||
Like @option{-MD} except mention only user header files, not system
|
||||
-header files.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -x c
|
||||
@itemx -x c++
|
||||
@itemx -x objective-c
|
||||
@itemx -x assembler-with-cpp
|
||||
Specify the source language: C, C++, Objective-C, or assembly. This has
|
||||
nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely
|
||||
selects which base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options,
|
||||
cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file:
|
||||
@samp{.c}, @samp{.cc}, @samp{.m}, or @samp{.S}. Some other common
|
||||
extensions for C++ and assembly are also recognized. If cpp does not
|
||||
recognize the extension, it will treat the file as C; this is the most
|
||||
generic mode.
|
||||
|
||||
@strong{Note:} Previous versions of cpp accepted a @option{-lang} option
|
||||
which selected both the language and the standards conformance level.
|
||||
This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the @option{-l}
|
||||
option.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -std=@var{standard}
|
||||
@itemx -ansi
|
||||
Specify the standard to which the code should conform. Currently cpp
|
||||
only knows about the standards for C; other language standards will be
|
||||
added in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
@var{standard}
|
||||
may be one of:
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@item iso9899:1990
|
||||
@itemx c89
|
||||
The ISO C standard from 1990. @samp{c89} is the customary shorthand for
|
||||
this version of the standard.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{-ansi} option is equivalent to @option{-std=c89}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item iso9899:199409
|
||||
The 1990 C standard, as amended in 1994.
|
||||
|
||||
@item iso9899:1999
|
||||
@itemx c99
|
||||
@itemx iso9899:199x
|
||||
@itemx c9x
|
||||
The revised ISO C standard, published in December 1999. Before
|
||||
publication, this was known as C9X@.
|
||||
|
||||
@item gnu89
|
||||
The 1990 C standard plus GNU extensions. This is the default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item gnu99
|
||||
@itemx gnu9x
|
||||
The 1999 C standard plus GNU extensions.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@item -I-
|
||||
Split the include path. Any directories specified with @option{-I}
|
||||
options before @option{-I-} are searched only for headers requested with
|
||||
@code{@w{#include "@var{file}"}}; they are not searched for
|
||||
@code{@w{#include <@var{file}>}}. If additional directories are
|
||||
specified with @option{-I} options after the @option{-I-}, those
|
||||
directories are searched for all @samp{#include} directives.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, @option{-I-} inhibits the use of the directory of the current
|
||||
file directory as the first search directory for @code{@w{#include
|
||||
"@var{file}"}}. @xref{Search Path}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -nostdinc
|
||||
Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
|
||||
Only the directories you have specified with @option{-I} options
|
||||
(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -nostdinc++
|
||||
Do not search for header files in the C++-specific standard directories,
|
||||
but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is
|
||||
used when building the C++ library.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -include @var{file}
|
||||
|
||||
Process @var{file} as if @code{#include "file"} appeared as the first
|
||||
line of the primary source file. However, the first directory searched
|
||||
for @var{file} is the preprocessor's working directory @emph{instead of}
|
||||
the directory containing the main source file. If not found there, it
|
||||
is searched for in the remainder of the @code{#include "@dots{}"} search
|
||||
chain as normal.
|
||||
|
||||
If multiple @option{-include} options are given, the files are included
|
||||
in the order they appear on the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -imacros @var{file}
|
||||
|
||||
Exactly like @option{-include}, except that any output produced by
|
||||
scanning @var{file} is thrown away. Macros it defines remain defined.
|
||||
This allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
|
||||
processing its declarations.
|
||||
|
||||
All files specified by @option{-imacros} are processed before all files
|
||||
specified by @option{-include}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -idirafter @var{dir}
|
||||
Search @var{dir} for header files, but do it @emph{after} all
|
||||
directories specified with @option{-I} and the standard system directories
|
||||
have been exhausted. @var{dir} is treated as a system include directory.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iprefix @var{prefix}
|
||||
Specify @var{prefix} as the prefix for subsequent @option{-iwithprefix}
|
||||
options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
|
||||
final @samp{/}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iwithprefix @var{dir}
|
||||
@itemx -iwithprefixbefore @var{dir}
|
||||
|
||||
Append @var{dir} to the prefix specified previously with
|
||||
@option{-iprefix}, and add the resulting directory to the include search
|
||||
path. @option{-iwithprefixbefore} puts it in the same place @option{-I}
|
||||
would; @option{-iwithprefix} puts it where @option{-idirafter} would.
|
||||
|
||||
Use of these options is discouraged.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -isystem @var{dir}
|
||||
Search @var{dir} for header files, after all directories specified by
|
||||
@option{-I} but before the standard system directories. Mark it
|
||||
as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
|
||||
is applied to the standard system directories. @xref{System Headers}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -fpreprocessed
|
||||
Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
|
||||
preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
|
||||
conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
|
||||
The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
|
||||
pass a file preprocessed with @option{-C} to the compiler without
|
||||
problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than
|
||||
a tokenizer for the front ends.
|
||||
|
||||
@option{-fpreprocessed} is implicit if the input file has one of the
|
||||
extensions @samp{.i}, @samp{.ii} or @samp{.mi}. These are the
|
||||
extensions that GCC uses for preprocessed files created by
|
||||
@option{-save-temps}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -ftabstop=@var{width}
|
||||
Set the distance between tab stops. This helps the preprocessor report
|
||||
correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the
|
||||
line. If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is
|
||||
ignored. The default is 8.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -fno-show-column
|
||||
Do not print column numbers in diagnostics. This may be necessary if
|
||||
diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the
|
||||
column numbers, such as @command{dejagnu}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A @var{predicate}=@var{answer}
|
||||
Make an assertion with the predicate @var{predicate} and answer
|
||||
@var{answer}. This form is preferred to the older form @option{-A
|
||||
@var{predicate}(@var{answer})}, which is still supported, because
|
||||
it does not use shell special characters. @xref{Assertions}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A -@var{predicate}=@var{answer}
|
||||
Cancel an assertion with the predicate @var{predicate} and answer
|
||||
@var{answer}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A-
|
||||
Cancel all predefined assertions and all assertions preceding it on
|
||||
the command line. Also, undefine all predefined macros and all
|
||||
macros preceding it on the command line. (This is a historical wart and
|
||||
may change in the future.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dCHARS
|
||||
@var{CHARS} is a sequence of one or more of the following characters,
|
||||
and must not be preceded by a space. Other characters are interpreted
|
||||
by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of GCC, and so
|
||||
are silently ignored. If you specify characters whose behavior
|
||||
conflicts, the result is undefined.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @samp
|
||||
@item M
|
||||
Instead of the normal output, generate a list of @samp{#define}
|
||||
directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
|
||||
preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of
|
||||
finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
|
||||
Assuming you have no file @file{foo.h}, the command
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
touch foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
will show all the predefined macros.
|
||||
|
||||
@item D
|
||||
Like @samp{M} except in two respects: it does @emph{not} include the
|
||||
predefined macros, and it outputs @emph{both} the @samp{#define}
|
||||
directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to
|
||||
the standard output file.
|
||||
|
||||
@item N
|
||||
Like @samp{D}, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
|
||||
|
||||
@item I
|
||||
Output @samp{#include} directives in addition to the result of
|
||||
preprocessing.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@item -P
|
||||
Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor.
|
||||
This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is
|
||||
not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the
|
||||
linemarkers. @xref{Preprocessor Output}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -C
|
||||
Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output
|
||||
file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted
|
||||
along with the directive.
|
||||
|
||||
You should be prepared for side effects when using @option{-C}; it
|
||||
causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right.
|
||||
For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a
|
||||
directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary
|
||||
source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a @samp{#}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -gcc
|
||||
Define the macros @sc{__gnuc__}, @sc{__gnuc_minor__} and
|
||||
@sc{__gnuc_patchlevel__}. These are defined automatically when you use
|
||||
@command{gcc -E}; you can turn them off in that case with
|
||||
@option{-no-gcc}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -traditional
|
||||
Try to imitate the behavior of the old-fashioned C preprocessor, as
|
||||
opposed to the behavior specified by ISO C@. @xref{Traditional Mode}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -trigraphs
|
||||
Process trigraph sequences. @xref{Initial processing}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -remap
|
||||
Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very
|
||||
short file names, such as MS-DOS@.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -$
|
||||
Forbid the use of @samp{$} in identifiers. The C standard allows
|
||||
implementations to define extra characters that can appear in
|
||||
identifiers. By default GNU CPP permits @samp{$}, a common extension.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -h
|
||||
@itemx --help
|
||||
@itemx --target-help
|
||||
Print text describing all the command line options instead of
|
||||
preprocessing anything.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -v
|
||||
Verbose mode. Print out GNU CPP's version number at the beginning of
|
||||
execution, and report the final form of the include path.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -H
|
||||
Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
|
||||
activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the
|
||||
@samp{#include} stack it is.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -version
|
||||
@itemx --version
|
||||
Print out GNU CPP's version number. With one dash, proceed to
|
||||
preprocess as normal. With two dashes, exit immediately.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@include cppopts.texi
|
||||
@c man end
|
||||
|
||||
@node Environment Variables
|
||||
@chapter Environment Variables
|
||||
@cindex environment variables
|
||||
@c man begin ENVIRONMENT
|
||||
|
||||
This section describes the environment variables that affect how CPP
|
||||
operates. You can use them to specify directories or prefixes to use
|
||||
when searching for include files, or to control dependency output.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as
|
||||
@option{-I}, and control dependency output with options like
|
||||
@option{-M} (@pxref{Invocation}). These take precedence over
|
||||
environment variables, which in turn take precedence over the
|
||||
configuration of GCC@.
|
||||
|
||||
@include cppenv.texi
|
||||
@c man end
|
||||
|
||||
@include fdl.texi
|
||||
|
||||
@page
|
||||
@node Option Index
|
||||
@unnumbered Option Index
|
||||
|
||||
CPP's command line options are indexed here without any initial
|
||||
@samp{-} or @samp{--}.
|
||||
|
||||
@printindex op
|
||||
|
||||
@node Index of Directives
|
||||
@unnumbered Index of Directives
|
||||
@printindex fn
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
76
gcc/doc/cppenv.texi
Normal file
76
gcc/doc/cppenv.texi
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
|
|||
@c Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
|
||||
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
@c This is part of the CPP and GCC manuals.
|
||||
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
|
||||
|
||||
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@c Environment variables affecting the preprocessor
|
||||
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@c If this file is included with the flag ``cppmanual'' set, it is
|
||||
@c formatted for inclusion in the CPP manual; otherwise the main GCC manual.
|
||||
|
||||
@ftable @env
|
||||
@item CPATH
|
||||
@itemx C_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@itemx CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@itemx OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@c Commented out until ObjC++ is part of GCC:
|
||||
@c @itemx OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
Each variable's value is a list of directories separated by a special
|
||||
character, much like @env{PATH}, in which to look for header files.
|
||||
The special character, @code{PATH_SEPARATOR}, is target-dependent and
|
||||
determined at GCC build time. For Windows-based targets it is a
|
||||
semicolon, and for almost all other targets it is a colon.
|
||||
|
||||
@env{CPATH} specifies a list of directories to be searched as if
|
||||
specified with @option{-I}, but after any paths given with @option{-I}
|
||||
options on the command line. The environment variable is used
|
||||
regardless of which language is being preprocessed.
|
||||
|
||||
The remaining environment variables apply only when preprocessing the
|
||||
particular language indicated. Each specifies a list of directories
|
||||
to be searched as if specified with @option{-isystem}, but after any
|
||||
paths given with @option{-isystem} options on the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
See also @ref{Search Path}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT
|
||||
@anchor{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT}
|
||||
@cindex dependencies for make as output
|
||||
If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output
|
||||
dependencies for Make based on the non-system header files processed
|
||||
by the compiler. System header files are ignored in the dependency
|
||||
output.
|
||||
|
||||
The value of @env{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT} can be just a file name, in
|
||||
which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the target
|
||||
name from the source file name. Or the value can have the form
|
||||
@samp{@var{file} @var{target}}, in which case the rules are written to
|
||||
file @var{file} using @var{target} as the target name.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, this environment variable is equivalent to combining
|
||||
the options @option{-MM} and @option{-MF}
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
(@pxref{Invocation}),
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
@ifclear cppmanual
|
||||
(@pxref{Preprocessor Options}),
|
||||
@end ifclear
|
||||
with an optional @option{-MT} switch too.
|
||||
|
||||
@item SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES
|
||||
@cindex dependencies for make as output
|
||||
This variable is the same as the environment variable
|
||||
@env{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT} (@pxref{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT}), except that
|
||||
system header files are not ignored, so it implies @option{-M} rather
|
||||
than @option{-MM}.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Invocation}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
@ifclear cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Preprocessor Options}.
|
||||
@end ifclear
|
||||
@end ftable
|
||||
586
gcc/doc/cppopts.texi
Normal file
586
gcc/doc/cppopts.texi
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
|
|||
@c Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
|
||||
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
@c This is part of the CPP and GCC manuals.
|
||||
@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.
|
||||
|
||||
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@c Options affecting the preprocessor
|
||||
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@c If this file is included with the flag ``cppmanual'' set, it is
|
||||
@c formatted for inclusion in the CPP manual; otherwise the main GCC manual.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @gcctabopt
|
||||
@item -D @var{name}
|
||||
@opindex D
|
||||
Predefine @var{name} as a macro, with definition @code{1}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -D @var{name}=@var{definition}
|
||||
Predefine @var{name} as a macro, with definition @var{definition}.
|
||||
There are no restrictions on the contents of @var{definition}, but if
|
||||
you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like program you
|
||||
may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect characters such as
|
||||
spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.
|
||||
|
||||
If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write
|
||||
its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign
|
||||
(if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you will need
|
||||
to quote the option. With @command{sh} and @command{csh},
|
||||
@option{-D'@var{name}(@var{args@dots{}})=@var{definition}'} works.
|
||||
|
||||
@option{-D} and @option{-U} options are processed in the order they
|
||||
are given on the command line. All @option{-imacros @var{file}} and
|
||||
@option{-include @var{file}} options are processed after all
|
||||
@option{-D} and @option{-U} options.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -U @var{name}
|
||||
@opindex U
|
||||
Cancel any previous definition of @var{name}, either built in or
|
||||
provided with a @option{-D} option.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -undef
|
||||
@opindex undef
|
||||
Do not predefine any system-specific macros. The common predefined
|
||||
macros remain defined.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -I @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex I
|
||||
Add the directory @var{dir} to the list of directories to be searched
|
||||
for header files.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Search Path}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
Directories named by @option{-I} are searched before the standard
|
||||
system include directories.
|
||||
|
||||
It is dangerous to specify a standard system include directory in an
|
||||
@option{-I} option. This defeats the special treatment of system
|
||||
headers
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
(@pxref{System Headers})
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
. It can also defeat the repairs to buggy system headers which GCC
|
||||
makes when it is installed.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -o @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex o
|
||||
Write output to @var{file}. This is the same as specifying @var{file}
|
||||
as the second non-option argument to @command{cpp}. @command{gcc} has a
|
||||
different interpretation of a second non-option argument, so you must
|
||||
use @option{-o} to specify the output file.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wall
|
||||
@opindex Wall
|
||||
Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code. At
|
||||
present this is @option{-Wcomment} and @option{-Wtrigraphs}. Note that
|
||||
many of the preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no
|
||||
options to control them.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wcomment
|
||||
@itemx -Wcomments
|
||||
@opindex Wcomment
|
||||
@opindex Wcomments
|
||||
Warn whenever a comment-start sequence @samp{/*} appears in a @samp{/*}
|
||||
comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a @samp{//} comment.
|
||||
(Both forms have the same effect.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wtrigraphs
|
||||
@opindex Wtrigraphs
|
||||
Warn if any trigraphs are encountered. This option used to take effect
|
||||
only if @option{-trigraphs} was also specified, but now works
|
||||
independently. Warnings are not given for trigraphs within comments, as
|
||||
they do not affect the meaning of the program.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wtraditional
|
||||
@opindex Wtraditional
|
||||
Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and
|
||||
ISO C@. Also warn about ISO C constructs that have no traditional C
|
||||
equivalent, and problematic constructs which should be avoided.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Traditional Mode}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wimport
|
||||
@opindex Wimport
|
||||
Warn the first time @samp{#import} is used.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wundef
|
||||
@opindex Wundef
|
||||
Warn whenever an identifier which is not a macro is encountered in an
|
||||
@samp{#if} directive, outside of @samp{defined}. Such identifiers are
|
||||
replaced with zero.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Werror
|
||||
@opindex Werror
|
||||
Make all warnings into hard errors. Source code which triggers warnings
|
||||
will be rejected.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wsystem-headers
|
||||
@opindex Wsystem-headers
|
||||
Issue warnings for code in system headers. These are normally unhelpful
|
||||
in finding bugs in your own code, therefore suppressed. If you are
|
||||
responsible for the system library, you may want to see them.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -w
|
||||
@opindex w
|
||||
Suppress all warnings, including those which GNU CPP issues by default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -pedantic
|
||||
@opindex pedantic
|
||||
Issue all the mandatory diagnostics listed in the C standard. Some of
|
||||
them are left out by default, since they trigger frequently on harmless
|
||||
code.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -pedantic-errors
|
||||
@opindex pedantic-errors
|
||||
Issue all the mandatory diagnostics, and make all mandatory diagnostics
|
||||
into errors. This includes mandatory diagnostics that GCC issues
|
||||
without @samp{-pedantic} but treats as warnings.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -M
|
||||
@opindex M
|
||||
@cindex make
|
||||
@cindex dependencies, make
|
||||
Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule
|
||||
suitable for @command{make} describing the dependencies of the main
|
||||
source file. The preprocessor outputs one @command{make} rule containing
|
||||
the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all
|
||||
the included files, including those coming from @option{-include} or
|
||||
@option{-imacros} command line options.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless specified explicitly (with @option{-MT} or @option{-MQ}), the
|
||||
object file name consists of the basename of the source file with any
|
||||
suffix replaced with object file suffix. If there are many included
|
||||
files then the rule is split into several lines using @samp{\}-newline.
|
||||
The rule has no commands.
|
||||
|
||||
This option does not suppress the preprocessor's debug output, such as
|
||||
@option{-dM}. To avoid mixing such debug output with the dependency
|
||||
rules you should explicitly specify the dependency output file with
|
||||
@option{-MF}, or use an environment variable like
|
||||
@env{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT} (@pxref{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT}). Debug output
|
||||
will still be sent to the regular output stream as normal.
|
||||
|
||||
Passing @option{-M} to the driver implies @option{-E}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MM
|
||||
@opindex MM
|
||||
Like @option{-M} but do not mention header files that are found in
|
||||
system header directories, nor header files that are included,
|
||||
directly or indirectly, from such a header.
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
|
||||
@samp{#include} directive does not in itself determine whether that
|
||||
header will appear in @option{-MM} dependency output. This is a
|
||||
slight change in semantics from GCC versions 3.0 and earlier.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MF @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex MF
|
||||
@anchor{-MF}
|
||||
When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, specifies a
|
||||
file to write the dependencies to. If no @option{-MF} switch is given
|
||||
the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
|
||||
preprocessed output.
|
||||
|
||||
When used with the driver options @option{-MD} or @option{-MMD},
|
||||
@option{-MF} overrides the default dependency output file.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MG
|
||||
@opindex MG
|
||||
When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, @option{-MG} says to treat missing
|
||||
header files as generated files and assume they live in the same
|
||||
directory as the source file. It suppresses preprocessed output, as a
|
||||
missing header file is ordinarily an error.
|
||||
|
||||
This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MP
|
||||
@opindex MP
|
||||
This option instructs CPP to add a phony target for each dependency
|
||||
other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These
|
||||
dummy rules work around errors @command{make} gives if you remove header
|
||||
files without updating the @file{Makefile} to match.
|
||||
|
||||
This is typical output:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
test.o: test.c test.h
|
||||
|
||||
test.h:
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MT @var{target}
|
||||
@opindex MT
|
||||
|
||||
Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation. By
|
||||
default CPP takes the name of the main input file, including any path,
|
||||
deletes any file suffix such as @samp{.c}, and appends the platform's
|
||||
usual object suffix. The result is the target.
|
||||
|
||||
An @option{-MT} option will set the target to be exactly the string you
|
||||
specify. If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single
|
||||
argument to @option{-MT}, or use multiple @option{-MT} options.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, @option{@w{-MT '$(objpfx)foo.o'}} might give
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MQ @var{target}
|
||||
@opindex MQ
|
||||
|
||||
Same as @option{-MT}, but it quotes any characters which are special to
|
||||
Make. @option{@w{-MQ '$(objpfx)foo.o'}} gives
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
$$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with
|
||||
@option{-MQ}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MD
|
||||
@opindex MD
|
||||
@option{-MD} is equivalent to @option{-M -MF @var{file}}, except that
|
||||
@option{-E} is not implied. The driver determines @var{file} based on
|
||||
whether an @option{-o} option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
|
||||
argument but with a suffix of @file{.d}, otherwise it take the
|
||||
basename of the input file and applies a @file{.d} suffix.
|
||||
|
||||
If @option{-MD} is used in conjunction with @option{-E}, any
|
||||
@option{-o} switch is understood to specify the dependency output file
|
||||
(but @pxref{-MF}), but if used without @option{-E}, each @option{-o}
|
||||
is understood to specify a target object file.
|
||||
|
||||
Since @option{-E} is not implied, @option{-MD} can be used to generate
|
||||
a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MMD
|
||||
@opindex MMD
|
||||
Like @option{-MD} except mention only user header files, not system
|
||||
-header files.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -x c
|
||||
@itemx -x c++
|
||||
@itemx -x objective-c
|
||||
@itemx -x assembler-with-cpp
|
||||
@opindex x
|
||||
Specify the source language: C, C++, Objective-C, or assembly. This has
|
||||
nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely
|
||||
selects which base syntax to expect. If you give none of these options,
|
||||
cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file:
|
||||
@samp{.c}, @samp{.cc}, @samp{.m}, or @samp{.S}. Some other common
|
||||
extensions for C++ and assembly are also recognized. If cpp does not
|
||||
recognize the extension, it will treat the file as C; this is the most
|
||||
generic mode.
|
||||
|
||||
@strong{Note:} Previous versions of cpp accepted a @option{-lang} option
|
||||
which selected both the language and the standards conformance level.
|
||||
This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the @option{-l}
|
||||
option.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -std=@var{standard}
|
||||
@itemx -ansi
|
||||
@opindex ansi
|
||||
@opindex std=
|
||||
Specify the standard to which the code should conform. Currently cpp
|
||||
only knows about the standards for C; other language standards will be
|
||||
added in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
@var{standard}
|
||||
may be one of:
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@item iso9899:1990
|
||||
@itemx c89
|
||||
The ISO C standard from 1990. @samp{c89} is the customary shorthand for
|
||||
this version of the standard.
|
||||
|
||||
The @option{-ansi} option is equivalent to @option{-std=c89}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item iso9899:199409
|
||||
The 1990 C standard, as amended in 1994.
|
||||
|
||||
@item iso9899:1999
|
||||
@itemx c99
|
||||
@itemx iso9899:199x
|
||||
@itemx c9x
|
||||
The revised ISO C standard, published in December 1999. Before
|
||||
publication, this was known as C9X@.
|
||||
|
||||
@item gnu89
|
||||
The 1990 C standard plus GNU extensions. This is the default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item gnu99
|
||||
@itemx gnu9x
|
||||
The 1999 C standard plus GNU extensions.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@item -I-
|
||||
@opindex I-
|
||||
Split the include path. Any directories specified with @option{-I}
|
||||
options before @option{-I-} are searched only for headers requested with
|
||||
@code{@w{#include "@var{file}"}}; they are not searched for
|
||||
@code{@w{#include <@var{file}>}}. If additional directories are
|
||||
specified with @option{-I} options after the @option{-I-}, those
|
||||
directories are searched for all @samp{#include} directives.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, @option{-I-} inhibits the use of the directory of the current
|
||||
file directory as the first search directory for @code{@w{#include
|
||||
"@var{file}"}}.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Search Path}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -nostdinc
|
||||
@opindex nostdinc
|
||||
Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
|
||||
Only the directories you have specified with @option{-I} options
|
||||
(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -nostdinc++
|
||||
@opindex nostdinc++
|
||||
Do not search for header files in the C++-specific standard directories,
|
||||
but do still search the other standard directories. (This option is
|
||||
used when building the C++ library.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -include @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex include
|
||||
Process @var{file} as if @code{#include "file"} appeared as the first
|
||||
line of the primary source file. However, the first directory searched
|
||||
for @var{file} is the preprocessor's working directory @emph{instead of}
|
||||
the directory containing the main source file. If not found there, it
|
||||
is searched for in the remainder of the @code{#include "@dots{}"} search
|
||||
chain as normal.
|
||||
|
||||
If multiple @option{-include} options are given, the files are included
|
||||
in the order they appear on the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -imacros @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex imacros
|
||||
Exactly like @option{-include}, except that any output produced by
|
||||
scanning @var{file} is thrown away. Macros it defines remain defined.
|
||||
This allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
|
||||
processing its declarations.
|
||||
|
||||
All files specified by @option{-imacros} are processed before all files
|
||||
specified by @option{-include}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -idirafter @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex idirafter
|
||||
Search @var{dir} for header files, but do it @emph{after} all
|
||||
directories specified with @option{-I} and the standard system directories
|
||||
have been exhausted. @var{dir} is treated as a system include directory.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iprefix @var{prefix}
|
||||
@opindex iprefix
|
||||
Specify @var{prefix} as the prefix for subsequent @option{-iwithprefix}
|
||||
options. If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
|
||||
final @samp{/}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iwithprefix @var{dir}
|
||||
@itemx -iwithprefixbefore @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex iwithprefix
|
||||
@opindex iwithprefixbefore
|
||||
Append @var{dir} to the prefix specified previously with
|
||||
@option{-iprefix}, and add the resulting directory to the include search
|
||||
path. @option{-iwithprefixbefore} puts it in the same place @option{-I}
|
||||
would; @option{-iwithprefix} puts it where @option{-idirafter} would.
|
||||
|
||||
Use of these options is discouraged.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -isystem @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex isystem
|
||||
Search @var{dir} for header files, after all directories specified by
|
||||
@option{-I} but before the standard system directories. Mark it
|
||||
as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
|
||||
is applied to the standard system directories.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{System Headers}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -fpreprocessed
|
||||
@opindex fpreprocessed
|
||||
Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
|
||||
preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
|
||||
conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
|
||||
The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
|
||||
pass a file preprocessed with @option{-C} to the compiler without
|
||||
problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than
|
||||
a tokenizer for the front ends.
|
||||
|
||||
@option{-fpreprocessed} is implicit if the input file has one of the
|
||||
extensions @samp{.i}, @samp{.ii} or @samp{.mi}. These are the
|
||||
extensions that GCC uses for preprocessed files created by
|
||||
@option{-save-temps}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -ftabstop=@var{width}
|
||||
@opindex ftabstop
|
||||
Set the distance between tab stops. This helps the preprocessor report
|
||||
correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the
|
||||
line. If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is
|
||||
ignored. The default is 8.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -fno-show-column
|
||||
@opindex fno-show-column
|
||||
Do not print column numbers in diagnostics. This may be necessary if
|
||||
diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the
|
||||
column numbers, such as @command{dejagnu}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A @var{predicate}=@var{answer}
|
||||
@opindex A
|
||||
Make an assertion with the predicate @var{predicate} and answer
|
||||
@var{answer}. This form is preferred to the older form @option{-A
|
||||
@var{predicate}(@var{answer})}, which is still supported, because
|
||||
it does not use shell special characters.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Assertions}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A -@var{predicate}=@var{answer}
|
||||
Cancel an assertion with the predicate @var{predicate} and answer
|
||||
@var{answer}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A-
|
||||
@opindex A-
|
||||
Cancel all predefined assertions and all assertions preceding it on
|
||||
the command line. Also, undefine all predefined macros and all
|
||||
macros preceding it on the command line. (This is a historical wart and
|
||||
may change in the future.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dCHARS
|
||||
@var{CHARS} is a sequence of one or more of the following characters,
|
||||
and must not be preceded by a space. Other characters are interpreted
|
||||
by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of GCC, and so
|
||||
are silently ignored. If you specify characters whose behavior
|
||||
conflicts, the result is undefined.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @samp
|
||||
@item M
|
||||
@opindex dM
|
||||
Instead of the normal output, generate a list of @samp{#define}
|
||||
directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
|
||||
preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of
|
||||
finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
|
||||
Assuming you have no file @file{foo.h}, the command
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
touch foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
will show all the predefined macros.
|
||||
|
||||
@item D
|
||||
@opindex dD
|
||||
Like @samp{M} except in two respects: it does @emph{not} include the
|
||||
predefined macros, and it outputs @emph{both} the @samp{#define}
|
||||
directives and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to
|
||||
the standard output file.
|
||||
|
||||
@item N
|
||||
@opindex dN
|
||||
Like @samp{D}, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
|
||||
|
||||
@item I
|
||||
@opindex dI
|
||||
Output @samp{#include} directives in addition to the result of
|
||||
preprocessing.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@item -P
|
||||
@opindex P
|
||||
Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor.
|
||||
This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is
|
||||
not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the
|
||||
linemarkers.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Preprocessor Output}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -C
|
||||
@opindex C
|
||||
Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the output
|
||||
file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted
|
||||
along with the directive.
|
||||
|
||||
You should be prepared for side effects when using @option{-C}; it
|
||||
causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right.
|
||||
For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a
|
||||
directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary
|
||||
source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a @samp{#}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -gcc
|
||||
@opindex gcc
|
||||
Define the macros @sc{__gnuc__}, @sc{__gnuc_minor__} and
|
||||
@sc{__gnuc_patchlevel__}. These are defined automatically when you use
|
||||
@command{gcc -E}; you can turn them off in that case with
|
||||
@option{-no-gcc}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -traditional
|
||||
@opindex traditional
|
||||
Try to imitate the behavior of old-fashioned C, as opposed to ISO
|
||||
C@.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Traditional Mode}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
|
||||
@item -trigraphs
|
||||
@opindex trigraphs
|
||||
Process trigraph sequences.
|
||||
@ifset cppmanual
|
||||
@xref{Initial processing}.
|
||||
@end ifset
|
||||
@ifclear cppmanual
|
||||
These are three-character sequences, all starting with @samp{??}, that
|
||||
are defined by ISO C to stand for single characters. For example,
|
||||
@samp{??/} stands for @samp{\}, so @samp{'??/n'} is a character
|
||||
constant for a newline. By default, GCC ignores trigraphs, but in
|
||||
standard-conforming modes it converts them. See the @option{-std} and
|
||||
@option{-ansi} options.
|
||||
|
||||
The nine trigraphs and their replacements are
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
Trigraph: ??( ??) ??< ??> ??= ??/ ??' ??! ??-
|
||||
Replacement: [ ] @{ @} # \ ^ | ~
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifclear
|
||||
|
||||
@item -remap
|
||||
@opindex remap
|
||||
Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very
|
||||
short file names, such as MS-DOS@.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -$
|
||||
@opindex $
|
||||
Forbid the use of @samp{$} in identifiers. The C standard allows
|
||||
implementations to define extra characters that can appear in
|
||||
identifiers. By default GNU CPP permits @samp{$}, a common extension.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -h
|
||||
@itemx --help
|
||||
@itemx --target-help
|
||||
@opindex h
|
||||
@opindex help
|
||||
@opindex target-help
|
||||
Print text describing all the command line options instead of
|
||||
preprocessing anything.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -v
|
||||
@opindex v
|
||||
Verbose mode. Print out GNU CPP's version number at the beginning of
|
||||
execution, and report the final form of the include path.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -H
|
||||
@opindex H
|
||||
Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
|
||||
activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the
|
||||
@samp{#include} stack it is.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -version
|
||||
@itemx --version
|
||||
@opindex version
|
||||
Print out GNU CPP's version number. With one dash, proceed to
|
||||
preprocess as normal. With two dashes, exit immediately.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
|
@ -3867,339 +3867,18 @@ Some of these options make sense only together with @option{-E} because
|
|||
they cause the preprocessor output to be unsuitable for actual
|
||||
compilation.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @gcctabopt
|
||||
@item -include @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex include
|
||||
Process @var{file} as input before processing the regular input file.
|
||||
In effect, the contents of @var{file} are compiled first. Any @option{-D}
|
||||
and @option{-U} options on the command line are always processed before
|
||||
@option{-include @var{file}}, regardless of the order in which they are
|
||||
written. All the @option{-include} and @option{-imacros} options are
|
||||
processed in the order in which they are written.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -imacros @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex imacros
|
||||
Process @var{file} as input, discarding the resulting output, before
|
||||
processing the regular input file. Because the output generated from
|
||||
@var{file} is discarded, the only effect of @option{-imacros @var{file}}
|
||||
is to make the macros defined in @var{file} available for use in the
|
||||
main input. All the @option{-include} and @option{-imacros} options are
|
||||
processed in the order in which they are written.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -idirafter @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex idirafter
|
||||
@cindex second include path
|
||||
Add the directory @var{dir} to the second include path. The directories
|
||||
on the second include path are searched when a header file is not found
|
||||
in any of the directories in the main include path (the one that
|
||||
@option{-I} adds to).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iprefix @var{prefix}
|
||||
@opindex iprefix
|
||||
Specify @var{prefix} as the prefix for subsequent @option{-iwithprefix}
|
||||
options.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iwithprefix @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex iwithprefix
|
||||
Add a directory to the second include path. The directory's name is
|
||||
made by concatenating @var{prefix} and @var{dir}, where @var{prefix} was
|
||||
specified previously with @option{-iprefix}. If you have not specified a
|
||||
prefix yet, the directory containing the installed passes of the
|
||||
compiler is used as the default.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -iwithprefixbefore @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex iwithprefixbefore
|
||||
Add a directory to the main include path. The directory's name is made
|
||||
by concatenating @var{prefix} and @var{dir}, as in the case of
|
||||
@option{-iwithprefix}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -isystem @var{dir}
|
||||
@opindex isystem
|
||||
Add a directory to the beginning of the second include path, marking it
|
||||
as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
|
||||
is applied to the standard system directories.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -nostdinc
|
||||
@opindex nostdinc
|
||||
Do not search the standard system directories for header files. Only
|
||||
the directories you have specified with @option{-I} options (and the
|
||||
current directory, if appropriate) are searched. @xref{Directory
|
||||
Options}, for information on @option{-I}.
|
||||
|
||||
By using both @option{-nostdinc} and @option{-I-}, you can limit the include-file
|
||||
search path to only those directories you specify explicitly.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -remap
|
||||
@opindex remap
|
||||
When searching for a header file in a directory, remap file names if a
|
||||
file named @file{header.gcc} exists in that directory. This can be used
|
||||
to work around limitations of file systems with file name restrictions.
|
||||
The @file{header.gcc} file should contain a series of lines with two
|
||||
tokens on each line: the first token is the name to map, and the second
|
||||
token is the actual name to use.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -undef
|
||||
@opindex undef
|
||||
Do not predefine any nonstandard macros. (Including architecture flags).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -E
|
||||
@opindex E
|
||||
Run only the C preprocessor. Preprocess all the C source files
|
||||
specified and output the results to standard output or to the
|
||||
specified output file.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -C
|
||||
@opindex C
|
||||
Tell the preprocessor not to discard comments. Used with the
|
||||
@option{-E} option.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -P
|
||||
@opindex P
|
||||
Tell the preprocessor not to generate @samp{#line} directives.
|
||||
Used with the @option{-E} option.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex make
|
||||
@cindex dependencies, make
|
||||
@item -M
|
||||
@opindex M
|
||||
Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule
|
||||
suitable for @command{make} describing the dependencies of the main
|
||||
source file. The preprocessor outputs one @command{make} rule containing
|
||||
the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all
|
||||
the included files, including those coming from @option{-include} or
|
||||
@option{-imacros} command line options.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless specified explicitly (with @option{-MT} or @option{-MQ}), the
|
||||
object file name consists of the basename of the source file with any
|
||||
suffix replaced with object file suffix. If there are many included
|
||||
files then the rule is split into several lines using @samp{\}-newline.
|
||||
The rule has no commands.
|
||||
|
||||
Passing @option{-M} to the driver implies @option{-E}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MM
|
||||
@opindex MM
|
||||
Like @option{-M} but do not mention header files that are found in
|
||||
system header directories, nor header files that are included,
|
||||
directly or indirectly, from such a header.
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
|
||||
@samp{#include} directive does not in itself determine whether that
|
||||
header will appear in @option{-MM} dependency output. This is a
|
||||
slight change in semantics from GCC versions 3.0 and earlier.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MD
|
||||
@opindex MD
|
||||
@option{-MD} is equivalent to @option{-M -MF @var{file}}, except that
|
||||
@option{-E} is not implied. The driver determines @var{file} based on
|
||||
whether an @option{-o} option is given. If it is, the driver uses its
|
||||
argument but with a suffix of @file{.d}, otherwise it take the
|
||||
basename of the input file and applies a @file{.d} suffix.
|
||||
|
||||
If @option{-MD} is used in conjunction with @option{-E}, any
|
||||
@option{-o} switch is understood to specify the dependency output file
|
||||
(but @pxref{-MF}), but if used without @option{-E}, each @option{-o}
|
||||
is understood to specify a target object file.
|
||||
|
||||
Since @option{-E} is not implied, @option{-MD} can be used to generate
|
||||
a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
|
||||
|
||||
With Mach, you can use the utility @code{md} to merge multiple
|
||||
dependency files into a single dependency file suitable for using with
|
||||
the @samp{make} command.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MMD
|
||||
@opindex MMD
|
||||
Like @option{-MD} except mention only user header files, not system
|
||||
-header files.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MF @var{file}
|
||||
@opindex MF
|
||||
@anchor{-MF}
|
||||
When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, specifies a
|
||||
file to write the dependencies to. If no @option{-MF} switch is given
|
||||
the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
|
||||
preprocessed output.
|
||||
|
||||
When used with the driver options @option{-MD} or @option{-MMD},
|
||||
@option{-MF} overrides the default dependency output file.
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to specify output of a @code{make} rule is by setting
|
||||
the environment variable @env{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT} (@pxref{Environment
|
||||
Variables}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MG
|
||||
@opindex MG
|
||||
When used with @option{-M} or @option{-MM}, @option{-MG} says to treat missing
|
||||
header files as generated files and assume they live in the same
|
||||
directory as the source file. It suppresses preprocessed output, as a
|
||||
missing header file is ordinarily an error.
|
||||
|
||||
This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MP
|
||||
@opindex MP
|
||||
This option instructs CPP to add a phony target for each dependency
|
||||
other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing. These
|
||||
dummy rules work around errors @code{make} gives if you remove header
|
||||
files without updating the @code{Makefile} to match.
|
||||
|
||||
This is typical output:-
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
/tmp/test.o: /tmp/test.c /tmp/test.h
|
||||
|
||||
/tmp/test.h:
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@item -MQ @var{target}
|
||||
@item -MT @var{target}
|
||||
@opindex MQ
|
||||
@opindex MT
|
||||
By default CPP uses the main file name, including any path, and appends
|
||||
the object suffix, normally ``.o'', to it to obtain the name of the
|
||||
target for dependency generation. With @option{-MT} you can specify a
|
||||
target yourself, overriding the default one.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single argument
|
||||
to @option{-MT}, or use multiple @option{-MT} options.
|
||||
|
||||
The targets you specify are output in the order they appear on the
|
||||
command line. @option{-MQ} is identical to @option{-MT}, except that the
|
||||
target name is quoted for Make, but with @option{-MT} it isn't. For
|
||||
example, @option{-MT '$(objpfx)foo.o'} gives
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
$(objpfx)foo.o: /tmp/foo.c
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
but @option{-MQ '$(objpfx)foo.o'} gives
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
$$(objpfx)foo.o: /tmp/foo.c
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with
|
||||
@option{-MQ}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -H
|
||||
@opindex H
|
||||
Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
|
||||
activities.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -A@var{question}(@var{answer})
|
||||
@opindex A
|
||||
Assert the answer @var{answer} for @var{question}, in case it is tested
|
||||
with a preprocessing conditional such as @samp{#if
|
||||
#@var{question}(@var{answer})}. @option{-A-} disables the standard
|
||||
assertions that normally describe the target machine.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -D@var{macro}
|
||||
@opindex D
|
||||
Define macro @var{macro} with the string @samp{1} as its definition.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -D@var{macro}=@var{defn}
|
||||
Define macro @var{macro} as @var{defn}. All instances of @option{-D} on
|
||||
the command line are processed before any @option{-U} options.
|
||||
|
||||
Any @option{-D} and @option{-U} options on the command line are processed in
|
||||
order, and always before @option{-imacros @var{file}}, regardless of the
|
||||
order in which they are written.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -U@var{macro}
|
||||
@opindex U
|
||||
Undefine macro @var{macro}. @option{-U} options are evaluated after all
|
||||
@option{-D} options, but before any @option{-include} and @option{-imacros}
|
||||
options.
|
||||
|
||||
Any @option{-D} and @option{-U} options on the command line are processed in
|
||||
order, and always before @option{-imacros @var{file}}, regardless of the
|
||||
order in which they are written.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dM
|
||||
@opindex dM
|
||||
Tell the preprocessor to output only a list of the macro definitions
|
||||
that are in effect at the end of preprocessing. Used with the @option{-E}
|
||||
option.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dD
|
||||
@opindex dD
|
||||
Tell the preprocessing to pass all macro definitions into the output, in
|
||||
their proper sequence in the rest of the output.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dN
|
||||
@opindex dN
|
||||
Like @option{-dD} except that the macro arguments and contents are omitted.
|
||||
Only @samp{#define @var{name}} is included in the output.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -dI
|
||||
@opindex dI
|
||||
Output @samp{#include} directives in addition to the result of
|
||||
preprocessing.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -fpreprocessed
|
||||
@opindex fpreprocessed
|
||||
Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
|
||||
preprocessed. This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
|
||||
conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
|
||||
The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
|
||||
pass a file preprocessed with @option{-C} to the compiler without
|
||||
problems. In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than
|
||||
a tokenizer for the front ends.
|
||||
|
||||
@option{-fpreprocessed} is implicit if the input file has one of the
|
||||
extensions @samp{i}, @samp{ii} or @samp{mi}. These are the extensions
|
||||
that GCC uses for preprocessed files created by @option{-save-temps}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -trigraphs
|
||||
@opindex trigraphs
|
||||
Process ISO standard trigraph sequences. These are three-character
|
||||
sequences, all starting with @samp{??}, that are defined by ISO C to
|
||||
stand for single characters. For example, @samp{??/} stands for
|
||||
@samp{\}, so @samp{'??/n'} is a character constant for a newline. By
|
||||
default, GCC ignores trigraphs, but in standard-conforming modes it
|
||||
converts them. See the @option{-std} and @option{-ansi} options.
|
||||
|
||||
The nine trigraph sequences are
|
||||
@table @samp
|
||||
@item ??(
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{[}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??)
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{]}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??<
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{@{}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??>
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{@}}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??=
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{#}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??/
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{\}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??'
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{^}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??!
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{|}
|
||||
|
||||
@item ??-
|
||||
@expansion{} @samp{~}
|
||||
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
Trigraph support is not popular, so many compilers do not implement it
|
||||
properly. Portable code should not rely on trigraphs being either
|
||||
converted or ignored.
|
||||
|
||||
@item -Wp,@var{option}
|
||||
@opindex Wp
|
||||
Pass @var{option} as an option to the preprocessor. If @var{option}
|
||||
contains commas, it is split into multiple options at the commas.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
You can use @option{-Wp,@var{option}} to bypass the compiler driver
|
||||
and pass @var{option} directly through to the preprocessor. If
|
||||
@var{option} contains commas, it is split into multiple options at the
|
||||
commas. However, many options are modified, translated or interpreted
|
||||
by the compiler driver before being passed to the preprocessor, and
|
||||
@option{-Wp} forcibly bypasses this phase. The preprocessor's direct
|
||||
interface is undocumented and subject to change, so whenever possible
|
||||
you should avoid using @option{-Wp} and let the driver handle the
|
||||
options instead.
|
||||
|
||||
@include cppopts.texi
|
||||
|
||||
@node Assembler Options
|
||||
@section Passing Options to the Assembler
|
||||
|
|
@ -10274,35 +9953,6 @@ using GCC also uses these directories when searching for ordinary
|
|||
libraries for the @option{-l} option (but directories specified with
|
||||
@option{-L} come first).
|
||||
|
||||
@item C_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@itemx CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@itemx OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@findex C_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@findex CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@findex OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
@c @itemx OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
|
||||
These environment variables pertain to particular languages. Each
|
||||
variable's value is a colon-separated list of directories, much like
|
||||
@env{PATH}. When GCC searches for header files, it tries the
|
||||
directories listed in the variable for the language you are using, after
|
||||
the directories specified with @option{-I} but before the standard header
|
||||
file directories.
|
||||
|
||||
@item DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT
|
||||
@findex DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT
|
||||
@cindex dependencies for make as output
|
||||
If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output dependencies
|
||||
for Make based on the header files processed by the compiler. This
|
||||
output looks much like the output from the @option{-M} option
|
||||
(@pxref{Preprocessor Options}), but it goes to a separate file, and is
|
||||
in addition to the usual results of compilation.
|
||||
|
||||
The value of @env{DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT} can be just a file name, in
|
||||
which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the target
|
||||
name from the source file name. Or the value can have the form
|
||||
@samp{@var{file} @var{target}}, in which case the rules are written to
|
||||
file @var{file} using @var{target} as the target name.
|
||||
|
||||
@item LANG
|
||||
@findex LANG
|
||||
@cindex locale definition
|
||||
|
|
@ -10326,6 +9976,12 @@ compiler will use mblen and mbtowc as defined by the default locale to
|
|||
recognize and translate multibyte characters.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
Some additional environments variables affect the behavior of the
|
||||
preprocessor.
|
||||
|
||||
@include cppenv.texi
|
||||
|
||||
@c man end
|
||||
|
||||
@node Running Protoize
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue