d: Warn when declared size of a special enum does not match its intrinsic type.

All special enums have declarations in the D runtime library, but the
compiler will recognize and treat them specially if declared in any
module.  When the underlying base type of a special enum is a different
size to its matched intrinsic, then this can cause undefined behavior at
runtime.  Detect and warn about when such a mismatch occurs.

gcc/d/ChangeLog:

	* gdc.texi (Warnings): Document -Wextra and -Wmismatched-special-enum.
	* implement-d.texi (Special Enums): Add reference to warning option
	-Wmismatched-special-enum.
	* lang.opt: Add -Wextra and -Wmismatched-special-enum.
	* types.cc (TypeVisitor::visit (TypeEnum *)): Warn when declared
	special enum size mismatches its intrinsic type.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gdc.dg/Wmismatched_enum.d: New test.

gcc/d/gdc.texi

@@ -699,6 +699,23 @@ Do not warn about usage of deprecated features and symbols with
 @item -Werror
 Turns all warnings into errors.
 
+@opindex Wextra
+@opindex Wno-extra
+@item -Wextra
+This enables some extra warning flags that are not enabled by
+@option{-Wall}.
+
+@gccoptlist{-Waddress
+-Wcast-result
+-Wmismatched-special-enum
+-Wunknown-pragmas}
+
+@opindex Wmismatched-special-enum
+@opindex Wno-mismatched-special-enum
+@item -Wmismatched-special-enum
+Warn when an enum the compiler recognizes as special is declared with a
+different size to the built-in type it is representing.
+
 @opindex Wspeculative
 @opindex Wno-speculative
 @item -Wspeculative

gcc/d/implement-d.texi

@@ -2085,6 +2085,11 @@ for convenience: @code{c_complex_double}, @code{c_complex_float},
 @code{c_complex_real}, @code{cpp_long}, @code{cpp_longlong},
 @code{c_long_double}, @code{cpp_ulong}, @code{cpp_ulonglong}.
 
+It may cause undefined behavior at runtime if a special enum is declared with a
+base type that has a different size to the target C/C++ type it is
+representing.  The GNU D compiler will catch such declarations and emit a
+warning when the @option{-Wmismatched-special-enum} option is seen on the
+command-line.
 
 @c --------------------------------------------------------
 

gcc/d/lang.opt

@@ -134,6 +134,14 @@ Werror
 D
 ; Documented in common.opt
 
+Wextra
+D Warning
+; Documented in common.opt
+
+Wmismatched-special-enum
+D Warning Var(warn_mismatched_special_enum) LangEnabledBy(D, Wextra)
+Warn when a special enum is declared with the wrong base type.
+
 Wpsabi
 D
 ; Documented in C

gcc/d/types.cc

@@ -1067,6 +1067,21 @@ public:
 	gcc_assert (underlying != NULL);
 
 	t->ctype = build_variant_type_copy (build_ctype (underlying));
+
+	/* When the size of the declared enum base type doesn't match the target
+	   C type that this enum is being used as a placeholder for, we can't
+	   use the generated underlying type as it'll conflict with all sizes
+	   the front-end has computed during semantic.  */
+	if (TYPE_SIZE (t->ctype) != TYPE_SIZE (basetype))
+	  {
+	    warning_at (make_location_t (t->sym->loc),
+			OPT_Wmismatched_special_enum,
+			"size of %qs (%wd) differ from its declared size (%wd)",
+			t->sym->ident->toChars (), int_size_in_bytes (t->ctype),
+			int_size_in_bytes (basetype));
+	    t->ctype = basetype;
+	  }
+
 	build_type_decl (t->ctype, t->sym);
       }
     else if (t->sym->ident == NULL

gcc/testsuite/gdc.dg/Wmismatched_enum.d

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// { dg-do compile }
+// { dg-options "-Wmismatched-special-enum" }
+
+enum __c_longlong : byte; // { dg-warning "differ from its declared size" }