Document count-words-region.
* doc/emacs/basic.texi (Position Info): Add M-x count-words-region. * doc/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi: Rename the `count-words-region' example, since there is now a standard command of that name. * etc/NEWS: Mention it.
This commit is contained in:
Glenn Morris
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5 changed files with 88 additions and 74 deletions
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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2010-11-13 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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* basic.texi (Position Info): Add M-x count-words-region.
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2010-11-11 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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* msdog.texi (ls in Lisp): Update for ls-lisp changes.
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@ -537,6 +537,8 @@ Toggle automatic display of the current line number or column number.
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Display the number of lines in the current region. Normally bound to
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@kbd{M-=}, except in a few specialist modes. @xref{Mark}, for
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information about the region.
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@item M-x count-words-region
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Display the number of words in the current region.
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@item C-x =
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Display the character code of character after point, character position of
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point, and column of point (@code{what-cursor-position}).
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@ -743,6 +745,3 @@ additional times, to delete a total of 80 characters, by typing @kbd{C-x
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z z z}. The first @kbd{C-x z} repeats the command once, and each
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subsequent @kbd{z} repeats it once again.
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@ignore
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arch-tag: cda8952a-c439-41c1-aecf-4bc0d6482956
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@end ignore
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@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
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2010-11-13 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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* emacs-lisp-intro.texi: Rename the `count-words-region' example,
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since there is now a standard command of that name.
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2010-10-11 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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* Makefile.in (.dvi.ps): Remove unnecessary suffix rule.
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@ -704,23 +704,25 @@ Regular Expression Searches
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* fwd-para while:: The forward motion @code{while} loop.
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Counting: Repetition and Regexps
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@set COUNT-WORDS count-words-example
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@c Length of variable name chosen so that things still line up when expanded.
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* Why Count Words::
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* count-words-region:: Use a regexp, but find a problem.
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* @value{COUNT-WORDS}:: Use a regexp, but find a problem.
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* recursive-count-words:: Start with case of no words in region.
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* Counting Exercise::
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The @code{count-words-region} Function
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The @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} Function
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* Design count-words-region:: The definition using a @code{while} loop.
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* Whitespace Bug:: The Whitespace Bug in @code{count-words-region}.
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* Design @value{COUNT-WORDS}:: The definition using a @code{while} loop.
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* Whitespace Bug:: The Whitespace Bug in @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
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Counting Words in a @code{defun}
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* Divide and Conquer::
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* Words and Symbols:: What to count?
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* Syntax:: What constitutes a word or symbol?
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* count-words-in-defun:: Very like @code{count-words}.
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* count-words-in-defun:: Very like @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
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* Several defuns:: Counting several defuns in a file.
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* Find a File:: Do you want to look at a file?
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* lengths-list-file:: A list of the lengths of many definitions.
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@ -13829,35 +13831,37 @@ word count commands using @code{while} loops and recursion.
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@menu
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* Why Count Words::
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* count-words-region:: Use a regexp, but find a problem.
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* @value{COUNT-WORDS}:: Use a regexp, but find a problem.
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* recursive-count-words:: Start with case of no words in region.
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* Counting Exercise::
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@end menu
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@node Why Count Words, count-words-region, Counting Words, Counting Words
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@node Why Count Words, @value{COUNT-WORDS}, Counting Words, Counting Words
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@ifnottex
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@unnumberedsec Counting words
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@end ifnottex
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The standard Emacs distribution contains a function for counting the
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number of lines within a region. However, there is no corresponding
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function for counting words.
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The standard Emacs distribution contains functions for counting the
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number of lines and words within a region.
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Certain types of writing ask you to count words. Thus, if you write
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an essay, you may be limited to 800 words; if you write a novel, you
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may discipline yourself to write 1000 words a day. It seems odd to me
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that Emacs lacks a word count command. Perhaps people use Emacs
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mostly for code or types of documentation that do not require word
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counts; or perhaps they restrict themselves to the operating system
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word count command, @code{wc}. Alternatively, people may follow
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the publishers' convention and compute a word count by dividing the
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number of characters in a document by five. In any event, here are
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commands to count words.
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may discipline yourself to write 1000 words a day. It seems odd, but
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for a long time, Emacs lacked a word count command. Perhaps people used
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Emacs mostly for code or types of documentation that did not require
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word counts; or perhaps they restricted themselves to the operating
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system word count command, @code{wc}. Alternatively, people may have
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followed the publishers' convention and computed a word count by
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dividing the number of characters in a document by five.
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@node count-words-region, recursive-count-words, Why Count Words, Counting Words
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There are many ways to implement a command to count words. Here are
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some examples, which you may wish to compare with the standard Emacs
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command, @code{count-words-region}.
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@node @value{COUNT-WORDS}, recursive-count-words, Why Count Words, Counting Words
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@comment node-name, next, previous, up
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@section The @code{count-words-region} Function
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@findex count-words-region
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@section The @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} Function
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@findex @value{COUNT-WORDS}
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A word count command could count words in a line, paragraph, region,
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or buffer. What should the command cover? You could design the
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@ -13865,7 +13869,7 @@ command to count the number of words in a complete buffer. However,
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the Emacs tradition encourages flexibility---you may want to count
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words in just a section, rather than all of a buffer. So it makes
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more sense to design the command to count the number of words in a
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region. Once you have a @code{count-words-region} command, you can,
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region. Once you have a command to count words in a region, you can,
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if you wish, count words in a whole buffer by marking it with
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@w{@kbd{C-x h}} (@code{mark-whole-buffer}).
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@ -13876,13 +13880,13 @@ region. This means that word counting is ideally suited to recursion
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or to a @code{while} loop.
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@menu
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* Design count-words-region:: The definition using a @code{while} loop.
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* Whitespace Bug:: The Whitespace Bug in @code{count-words-region}.
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* Design @value{COUNT-WORDS}:: The definition using a @code{while} loop.
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* Whitespace Bug:: The Whitespace Bug in @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
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@end menu
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@node Design count-words-region, Whitespace Bug, count-words-region, count-words-region
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@node Design @value{COUNT-WORDS}, Whitespace Bug, @value{COUNT-WORDS}, @value{COUNT-WORDS}
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@ifnottex
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@unnumberedsubsec Designing @code{count-words-region}
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@unnumberedsubsec Designing @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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@end ifnottex
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First, we will implement the word count command with a @code{while}
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@ -13905,7 +13909,9 @@ What we need to do is fill in the slots.
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The name of the function should be self-explanatory and similar to the
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existing @code{count-lines-region} name. This makes the name easier
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to remember. @code{count-words-region} is a good choice.
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to remember. @code{count-words-region} is the obvious choice. Since
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that name is now used for the standard Emacs command to count words, we
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will name our implementation @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
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The function counts words within a region. This means that the
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argument list must contain symbols that are bound to the two
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@ -13923,7 +13929,7 @@ first, to set up conditions under which the @code{while} loop can
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count words, second, to run the @code{while} loop, and third, to send
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a message to the user.
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When a user calls @code{count-words-region}, point may be at the
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When a user calls @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}, point may be at the
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beginning or the end of the region. However, the counting process
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must start at the beginning of the region. This means we will want
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to put point there if it is not already there. Executing
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@ -14015,7 +14021,7 @@ All this leads to the following function definition:
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@smallexample
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@group
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;;; @r{First version; has bugs!}
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"Print number of words in the region.
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Words are defined as at least one word-constituent
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character followed by at least one character that
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@ -14056,14 +14062,14 @@ table determines which characters these are."
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@noindent
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As written, the function works, but not in all circumstances.
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@node Whitespace Bug, , Design count-words-region, count-words-region
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@node Whitespace Bug, , Design @value{COUNT-WORDS}, @value{COUNT-WORDS}
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@comment node-name, next, previous, up
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@subsection The Whitespace Bug in @code{count-words-region}
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@subsection The Whitespace Bug in @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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The @code{count-words-region} command described in the preceding
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The @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} command described in the preceding
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section has two bugs, or rather, one bug with two manifestations.
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First, if you mark a region containing only whitespace in the middle
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of some text, the @code{count-words-region} command tells you that the
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of some text, the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} command tells you that the
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region contains one word! Second, if you mark a region containing
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only whitespace at the end of the buffer or the accessible portion of
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a narrowed buffer, the command displays an error message that looks
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@ -14084,7 +14090,7 @@ parenthesis and type @kbd{C-x C-e} to install it.
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@smallexample
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@group
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;; @r{First version; has bugs!}
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"Print number of words in the region.
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Words are defined as at least one word-constituent character followed
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by at least one character that is not a word-constituent. The buffer's
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@ -14123,12 +14129,12 @@ syntax table determines which characters these are."
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If you wish, you can also install this keybinding by evaluating it:
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@smallexample
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(global-set-key "\C-c=" 'count-words-region)
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(global-set-key "\C-c=" '@value{COUNT-WORDS})
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@end smallexample
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To conduct the first test, set mark and point to the beginning and end
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of the following line and then type @kbd{C-c =} (or @kbd{M-x
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count-words-region} if you have not bound @kbd{C-c =}):
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@value{COUNT-WORDS}} if you have not bound @kbd{C-c =}):
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@smallexample
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one two three
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@ -14139,7 +14145,7 @@ Emacs will tell you, correctly, that the region has three words.
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Repeat the test, but place mark at the beginning of the line and place
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point just @emph{before} the word @samp{one}. Again type the command
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@kbd{C-c =} (or @kbd{M-x count-words-region}). Emacs should tell you
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@kbd{C-c =} (or @kbd{M-x @value{COUNT-WORDS}}). Emacs should tell you
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that the region has no words, since it is composed only of the
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whitespace at the beginning of the line. But instead Emacs tells you
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that the region has one word!
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@ -14148,7 +14154,7 @@ For the third test, copy the sample line to the end of the
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@file{*scratch*} buffer and then type several spaces at the end of the
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line. Place mark right after the word @samp{three} and point at the
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end of line. (The end of the line will be the end of the buffer.)
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Type @kbd{C-c =} (or @kbd{M-x count-words-region}) as you did before.
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Type @kbd{C-c =} (or @kbd{M-x @value{COUNT-WORDS}}) as you did before.
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Again, Emacs should tell you that the region has no words, since it is
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composed only of the whitespace at the end of the line. Instead,
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Emacs displays an error message saying @samp{Search failed}.
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@ -14157,7 +14163,7 @@ The two bugs stem from the same problem.
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Consider the first manifestation of the bug, in which the command
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tells you that the whitespace at the beginning of the line contains
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one word. What happens is this: The @code{M-x count-words-region}
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one word. What happens is this: The @code{M-x @value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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command moves point to the beginning of the region. The @code{while}
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tests whether the value of point is smaller than the value of
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@code{end}, which it is. Consequently, the regular expression search
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@ -14191,7 +14197,7 @@ an error if the search fails. The optional fourth argument is a
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repeat count. (In Emacs, you can see a function's documentation by
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typing @kbd{C-h f}, the name of the function, and then @key{RET}.)
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In the @code{count-words-region} definition, the value of the end of
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In the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} definition, the value of the end of
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the region is held by the variable @code{end} which is passed as an
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argument to the function. Thus, we can add @code{end} as an argument
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to the regular expression search expression:
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@ -14200,7 +14206,7 @@ to the regular expression search expression:
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(re-search-forward "\\w+\\W*" end)
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@end smallexample
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However, if you make only this change to the @code{count-words-region}
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However, if you make only this change to the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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definition and then test the new version of the definition on a
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stretch of whitespace, you will receive an error message saying
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@samp{Search failed}.
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@ -14231,7 +14237,7 @@ true-or-false-test tests true because the value of point is still less
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than the value of end, since the @code{re-search-forward} expression
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did not move point. @dots{} and the cycle repeats @dots{}
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The @code{count-words-region} definition requires yet another
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The @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} definition requires yet another
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modification, to cause the true-or-false-test of the @code{while} loop
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to test false if the search fails. Put another way, there are two
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conditions that must be satisfied in the true-or-false-test before the
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@ -14265,17 +14271,17 @@ succeeds and as a side effect moves point. Consequently, as words are
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found, point is moved through the region. When the search expression
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fails to find another word, or when point reaches the end of the
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region, the true-or-false-test tests false, the @code{while} loop
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exits, and the @code{count-words-region} function displays one or
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exits, and the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} function displays one or
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other of its messages.
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After incorporating these final changes, the @code{count-words-region}
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After incorporating these final changes, the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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works without bugs (or at least, without bugs that I have found!).
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Here is what it looks like:
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@smallexample
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@group
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;;; @r{Final version:} @code{while}
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"Print number of words in the region."
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(interactive "r")
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(message "Counting words in region ... ")
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@ -14309,7 +14315,7 @@ Here is what it looks like:
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@end group
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@end smallexample
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@node recursive-count-words, Counting Exercise, count-words-region, Counting Words
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@node recursive-count-words, Counting Exercise, @value{COUNT-WORDS}, Counting Words
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@comment node-name, next, previous, up
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@section Count Words Recursively
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@cindex Count words recursively
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@ -14319,7 +14325,7 @@ Here is what it looks like:
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You can write the function for counting words recursively as well as
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with a @code{while} loop. Let's see how this is done.
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First, we need to recognize that the @code{count-words-region}
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First, we need to recognize that the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
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function has three jobs: it sets up the appropriate conditions for
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counting to occur; it counts the words in the region; and it sends a
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message to the user telling how many words there are.
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@ -14333,7 +14339,7 @@ other. One function will set up the conditions and display the
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message; the other will return the word count.
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Let us start with the function that causes the message to be displayed.
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We can continue to call this @code{count-words-region}.
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We can continue to call this @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
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This is the function that the user will call. It will be interactive.
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Indeed, it will be similar to our previous versions of this
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@ -14347,7 +14353,7 @@ previous versions:
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@smallexample
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@group
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;; @r{Recursive version; uses regular expression search}
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"@var{documentation}@dots{}"
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(@var{interactive-expression}@dots{})
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@end group
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@ -14388,7 +14394,7 @@ Using @code{let}, the function definition looks like this:
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@smallexample
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@group
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"Print number of words in the region."
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(interactive "r")
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@end group
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@ -14484,7 +14490,7 @@ Thus, the do-again-test should look like this:
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Note that the search expression is part of the do-again-test---the
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function returns @code{t} if its search succeeds and @code{nil} if it
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fails. (@xref{Whitespace Bug, , The Whitespace Bug in
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@code{count-words-region}}, for an explanation of how
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@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}}, for an explanation of how
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@code{re-search-forward} works.)
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The do-again-test is the true-or-false test of an @code{if} clause.
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@ -14657,7 +14663,7 @@ The wrapper:
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@smallexample
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@group
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;;; @r{Recursive version}
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(defun count-words-region (beginning end)
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(defun @value{COUNT-WORDS} (beginning end)
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"Print number of words in the region.
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@end group
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@ -14702,11 +14708,11 @@ exclamation mark, and question mark. Do the same using recursion.
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Our next project is to count the number of words in a function
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definition. Clearly, this can be done using some variant of
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@code{count-word-region}. @xref{Counting Words, , Counting Words:
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@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}. @xref{Counting Words, , Counting Words:
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Repetition and Regexps}. If we are just going to count the words in
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one definition, it is easy enough to mark the definition with the
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@kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}) command, and then call
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@code{count-word-region}.
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
|
||||
|
||||
However, I am more ambitious: I want to count the words and symbols in
|
||||
every definition in the Emacs sources and then print a graph that
|
||||
|
|
@ -14719,7 +14725,7 @@ and this will tell.
|
|||
* Divide and Conquer::
|
||||
* Words and Symbols:: What to count?
|
||||
* Syntax:: What constitutes a word or symbol?
|
||||
* count-words-in-defun:: Very like @code{count-words}.
|
||||
* count-words-in-defun:: Very like @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}.
|
||||
* Several defuns:: Counting several defuns in a file.
|
||||
* Find a File:: Do you want to look at a file?
|
||||
* lengths-list-file:: A list of the lengths of many definitions.
|
||||
|
|
@ -14793,11 +14799,11 @@ of ten words and symbols.
|
|||
@noindent
|
||||
However, if we mark the @code{multiply-by-seven} definition with
|
||||
@kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}), and then call
|
||||
@code{count-words-region} on it, we will find that
|
||||
@code{count-words-region} claims the definition has eleven words, not
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} on it, we will find that
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} claims the definition has eleven words, not
|
||||
ten! Something is wrong!
|
||||
|
||||
The problem is twofold: @code{count-words-region} does not count the
|
||||
The problem is twofold: @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} does not count the
|
||||
@samp{*} as a word, and it counts the single symbol,
|
||||
@code{multiply-by-seven}, as containing three words. The hyphens are
|
||||
treated as if they were interword spaces rather than intraword
|
||||
|
|
@ -14805,8 +14811,8 @@ connectors: @samp{multiply-by-seven} is counted as if it were written
|
|||
@samp{multiply by seven}.
|
||||
|
||||
The cause of this confusion is the regular expression search within
|
||||
the @code{count-words-region} definition that moves point forward word
|
||||
by word. In the canonical version of @code{count-words-region}, the
|
||||
the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} definition that moves point forward word
|
||||
by word. In the canonical version of @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}, the
|
||||
regexp is:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
|
|
@ -14839,8 +14845,8 @@ Syntax tables specify which characters belong to which categories.
|
|||
Usually, a hyphen is not specified as a `word constituent character'.
|
||||
Instead, it is specified as being in the `class of characters that are
|
||||
part of symbol names but not words.' This means that the
|
||||
@code{count-words-region} function treats it in the same way it treats
|
||||
an interword white space, which is why @code{count-words-region}
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} function treats it in the same way it treats
|
||||
an interword white space, which is why @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}
|
||||
counts @samp{multiply-by-seven} as three words.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two ways to cause Emacs to count @samp{multiply-by-seven} as
|
||||
|
|
@ -14853,7 +14859,7 @@ most common character within symbols that is not typically a word
|
|||
constituent character; there are others, too.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, we can redefine the regular expression used in the
|
||||
@code{count-words} definition so as to include symbols. This
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} definition so as to include symbols. This
|
||||
procedure has the merit of clarity, but the task is a little tricky.
|
||||
|
||||
@need 1200
|
||||
|
|
@ -14910,7 +14916,7 @@ Here is the full regular expression:
|
|||
@cindex Counting words in a @code{defun}
|
||||
|
||||
We have seen that there are several ways to write a
|
||||
@code{count-word-region} function. To write a
|
||||
@code{count-words-region} function. To write a
|
||||
@code{count-words-in-defun}, we need merely adapt one of these
|
||||
versions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -15044,7 +15050,7 @@ Put together, the @code{count-words-in-defun} definition looks like this:
|
|||
How to test this? The function is not interactive, but it is easy to
|
||||
put a wrapper around the function to make it interactive; we can use
|
||||
almost the same code as for the recursive version of
|
||||
@code{count-words-region}:
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}}:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
@group
|
||||
|
|
@ -18885,7 +18891,7 @@ Lisp Reference Manual}.
|
|||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Install the @code{count-words-region} function and then cause it to
|
||||
Install the @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} function and then cause it to
|
||||
enter the built-in debugger when you call it. Run the command on a
|
||||
region containing two words. You will need to press @kbd{d} a
|
||||
remarkable number of times. On your system, is a `hook' called after
|
||||
|
|
@ -18894,7 +18900,7 @@ Overview, , Command Loop Overview, elisp, The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
|
|||
Manual}.)
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Copy @code{count-words-region} into the @file{*scratch*} buffer,
|
||||
Copy @code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} into the @file{*scratch*} buffer,
|
||||
instrument the function for Edebug, and walk through its execution.
|
||||
The function does not need to have a bug, although you can introduce
|
||||
one if you wish. If the function lacks a bug, the walk-through
|
||||
|
|
@ -18909,7 +18915,7 @@ for commands made outside of the Edebug debugging buffer.)
|
|||
@item
|
||||
In the Edebug debugging buffer, use the @kbd{p}
|
||||
(@code{edebug-bounce-point}) command to see where in the region the
|
||||
@code{count-words-region} is working.
|
||||
@code{@value{COUNT-WORDS}} is working.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Move point to some spot further down the function and then type the
|
||||
|
|
@ -22272,6 +22278,3 @@ airplane.
|
|||
|
||||
@bye
|
||||
|
||||
@ignore
|
||||
arch-tag: da1a2154-531f-43a8-8e33-fc7faad10acf
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
3
etc/NEWS
3
etc/NEWS
|
|
@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ replaced with Lisp commands `doc-file-to-man' and `doc-file-to-info'.
|
|||
|
||||
* Editing Changes in Emacs 24.1
|
||||
|
||||
+++
|
||||
** There is a new command `count-words-region', which does what you expect.
|
||||
|
||||
** completion-at-point is now an alias for complete-symbol.
|
||||
|
||||
** Deletion changes
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue