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|
@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ arguments.)
|
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|
|
|
and call functions.
|
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|
|
* Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
|
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|
|
|
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
|
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|
|
* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
|
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|
|
|
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
|
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|
|
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
|
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|
|
* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
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|
|
@ -124,10 +123,9 @@ Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
|
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|
|
@opindex --load
|
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|
|
@cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument
|
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|
|
|
Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}.
|
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|
|
@xref{Lisp Libraries}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name,
|
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|
|
|
the library can be found either in the current directory, or in the
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs library search path as specified with @env{EMACSLOADPATH}
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{General Variables}).
|
|
|
|
|
If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, Emacs first looks for it
|
|
|
|
|
in the current directory, then in the directories listed in
|
|
|
|
|
@code{load-path} (@pxref{Lisp Libraries}).
|
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|
|
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|
|
@strong{Warning:} If previous command-line arguments have visited
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|
|
files, the current directory is the directory of the last file
|
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|
|
@ -186,11 +184,11 @@ specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following
|
|
|
|
|
sections.
|
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|
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|
|
Some initial options affect the loading of the initialization file.
|
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|
|
The normal actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if
|
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|
|
it exists, then your own initialization file @file{~/.emacs} if it
|
|
|
|
|
exists, and finally @file{default.el} if it exists. @xref{Init File}.
|
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|
|
Certain options prevent loading of some of these files or substitute
|
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|
|
|
other files for them.
|
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|
|
Normally, Emacs first loads @file{site-start.el} if it exists, then
|
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|
|
|
your own initialization file if it exists, and finally the default
|
|
|
|
|
initialization file @file{default.el} if it exists (@pxref{Init
|
|
|
|
|
File}). Certain options prevent loading of some of these files or
|
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|
|
|
substitute other files for them.
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|
|
@table @samp
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|
|
@item -chdir @var{directory}
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|
|
@ -207,8 +205,8 @@ stopped. This makes desktop saving and restoring easier.
|
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|
|
@itemx --terminal=@var{device}
|
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|
|
@opindex --terminal
|
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|
|
@cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O
|
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|
|
|
Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output.
|
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|
|
@samp{--terminal} implies @samp{--no-window-system}.
|
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|
|
|
Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. This
|
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|
|
|
option implies @samp{--no-window-system}.
|
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|
|
@item -d @var{display}
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|
|
@opindex -d
|
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|
|
@ -252,7 +250,7 @@ terminal's standard input stream (@code{stdin}) instead.
|
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|
|
@samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an initialization file),
|
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|
|
|
but @file{site-start.el} is loaded nonetheless. It also causes Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
to exit after processing all the command options. In addition, it
|
|
|
|
|
disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has been
|
|
|
|
|
disables auto-saving except in buffers for which auto-saving is
|
|
|
|
|
explicitly requested.
|
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|
|
@item --script @var{file}
|
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|
|
@ -270,8 +268,8 @@ Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line
|
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|
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|
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|
|
@noindent
|
|
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|
|
which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of
|
|
|
|
|
the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a
|
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|
|
|
comment delimiter.
|
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|
|
the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats the @samp{#!}
|
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|
|
on this first line as a comment delimiter.
|
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|
|
@item -q
|
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|
|
@opindex -q
|
|
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|
|
@ -280,11 +278,10 @@ comment delimiter.
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex bypassing init and @file{default.el} file
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex init file, not loading
|
|
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|
|
@cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading
|
|
|
|
|
Do not load your Emacs initialization file, and do not load the file
|
|
|
|
|
@file{default.el} either (@pxref{Init File}). Regardless of this
|
|
|
|
|
switch, @file{site-start.el} is still loaded. When Emacs is invoked
|
|
|
|
|
like this, the Customize facility does not allow options to be saved
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Easy Customization}).
|
|
|
|
|
Do not load any initialization file (@pxref{Init File}). When Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
is invoked with this option, the Customize facility does not allow
|
|
|
|
|
options to be saved (@pxref{Easy Customization}). This option does
|
|
|
|
|
not disable loading @file{site-start.el}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --no-site-file
|
|
|
|
|
@opindex --no-site-file
|
|
|
|
|
@ -371,45 +368,6 @@ also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to
|
|
|
|
|
@file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal
|
|
|
|
|
to work with.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Resume Arguments
|
|
|
|
|
@appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after
|
|
|
|
|
a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your
|
|
|
|
|
@file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function.
|
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
|
|
|
(add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook)
|
|
|
|
|
(add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args)
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As further preparation, you must execute the shell script
|
|
|
|
|
@file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash}
|
|
|
|
|
(if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named
|
|
|
|
|
@code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line
|
|
|
|
|
arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the
|
|
|
|
|
@file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial
|
|
|
|
|
arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from
|
|
|
|
|
within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why
|
|
|
|
|
@code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is
|
|
|
|
|
not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from
|
|
|
|
|
other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could
|
|
|
|
|
be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature
|
|
|
|
|
does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
Server}).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a
|
|
|
|
|
server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete
|
|
|
|
|
accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in
|
|
|
|
|
actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file
|
|
|
|
|
@file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that
|
|
|
|
|
file and delete it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Environment
|
|
|
|
|
@appendixsec Environment Variables
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex environment variables
|
|
|
|
|
@ -424,19 +382,19 @@ letters only. The values are all text strings.
|
|
|
|
|
environment automatically from their parent process. This means you
|
|
|
|
|
can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the
|
|
|
|
|
programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it.
|
|
|
|
|
Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control
|
|
|
|
|
software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too.
|
|
|
|
|
Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version control
|
|
|
|
|
programs) inherit the environment from Emacs, too.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@findex setenv
|
|
|
|
|
@findex getenv
|
|
|
|
|
@vindex initial-environment
|
|
|
|
|
Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an
|
|
|
|
|
environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
environment, and @kbd{C-u M-x setenv} removes a variable.
|
|
|
|
|
(Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work in the value
|
|
|
|
|
just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.) The variable
|
|
|
|
|
@code{initial-environment} stores the initial environment inherited by
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs.
|
|
|
|
|
Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} reads the name of an
|
|
|
|
|
environment variable, and prints its value in the echo area. @kbd{M-x
|
|
|
|
|
setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs environment, and @kbd{C-u M-x
|
|
|
|
|
setenv} removes a variable. (Environment variable substitutions with
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{$} work in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names
|
|
|
|
|
with $}.) The variable @code{initial-environment} stores the initial
|
|
|
|
|
environment inherited by Emacs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the
|
|
|
|
|
operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For
|
|
|
|
|
@ -483,22 +441,25 @@ This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}.
|
|
|
|
|
Directory for the documentation string file, which is used to
|
|
|
|
|
initialize the Lisp variable @code{doc-directory}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item EMACSLOADPATH
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{
|
|
|
|
|
Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories,''
|
|
|
|
|
it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows,
|
|
|
|
|
the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows
|
|
|
|
|
file names might include a colon after a drive letter.}
|
|
|
|
|
to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}.
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ Here and below,
|
|
|
|
|
whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories,'' it pertains
|
|
|
|
|
to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the
|
|
|
|
|
directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows
|
|
|
|
|
file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} to search for
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs Lisp files. If set, it overrides the usual initial value of the
|
|
|
|
|
@code{load-path} variable (@pxref{Lisp Libraries}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item EMACSPATH
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable
|
|
|
|
|
files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}.
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable files.
|
|
|
|
|
If set, Emacs uses this in addition to @env{PATH} (see below) when
|
|
|
|
|
initializing the variable @code{exec-path} (@pxref{Shell}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item EMAIL
|
|
|
|
|
@vindex user-mail-address@r{, initialization}
|
|
|
|
|
Your email address; used to initialize the Lisp variable
|
|
|
|
|
@code{user-mail-address}, which the Emacs mail interface puts into
|
|
|
|
|
the @samp{From} header of outgoing messages (@pxref{Mail Headers}).
|
|
|
|
|
@code{user-mail-address}, which the Emacs mail interface puts into the
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{From} header of outgoing messages (@pxref{Mail Headers}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item ESHELL
|
|
|
|
|
Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable.
|
|
|
|
|
Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Interactive Shell}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item HISTFILE
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins.
|
|
|
|
|
This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to
|
|
|
|
|
@ -554,23 +515,28 @@ environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}.
|
|
|
|
|
The user's login name. See also @env{USER}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item MAIL
|
|
|
|
|
The name of your system mail inbox.
|
|
|
|
|
@ifnottex
|
|
|
|
|
@item MH
|
|
|
|
|
Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.)
|
|
|
|
|
Name of setup file for the mh system. @xref{Top,,MH-E,mh-e, The Emacs
|
|
|
|
|
Interface to MH}.
|
|
|
|
|
@end ifnottex
|
|
|
|
|
@item NAME
|
|
|
|
|
Your real-world name.
|
|
|
|
|
Your real-world name. This is used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
|
|
@code{user-full-name} (@pxref{Mail Headers}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item NNTPSERVER
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages.
|
|
|
|
|
@item ORGANIZATION
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the
|
|
|
|
|
`Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package.
|
|
|
|
|
@item PATH
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This
|
|
|
|
|
is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}.
|
|
|
|
|
A colon-separated list of directories containing executable files.
|
|
|
|
|
This is used to initialize the variable @code{exec-path}
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Shell}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item PWD
|
|
|
|
|
If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started.
|
|
|
|
|
@item REPLYTO
|
|
|
|
|
If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}.
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mail-default-reply-to} (@pxref{Mail Headers}).
|
|
|
|
|
@item SAVEDIR
|
|
|
|
|
The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default.
|
|
|
|
|
Used by the Gnus package.
|
|
|
|
|
@ -578,23 +544,29 @@ Used by the Gnus package.
|
|
|
|
|
The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from
|
|
|
|
|
inside Emacs.
|
|
|
|
|
@item SMTPSERVER
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Top,,,smtpmail,Sending mail via SMTP}).
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the outgoing mail server. This is used to initialize the
|
|
|
|
|
variable @code{smtpmail-smtp-server} (@pxref{Mail Sending}).
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex background mode, on @command{xterm}
|
|
|
|
|
@item TERM
|
|
|
|
|
The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be
|
|
|
|
|
set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that
|
|
|
|
|
handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates
|
|
|
|
|
that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar
|
|
|
|
|
terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background.
|
|
|
|
|
handles the machine's own display.
|
|
|
|
|
@item TERMCAP
|
|
|
|
|
The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the
|
|
|
|
|
terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to
|
|
|
|
|
terminal specified by @env{TERM}. This defaults to
|
|
|
|
|
@file{/etc/termcap}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item TMPDIR
|
|
|
|
|
Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files.
|
|
|
|
|
@itemx TMP
|
|
|
|
|
@itemx TEMP
|
|
|
|
|
These environment variables are used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
|
|
@code{temporary-file-directory}, which specifies a directory in which
|
|
|
|
|
to put temporary files (@pxref{Backup}). Emacs tries to use
|
|
|
|
|
@env{TMPDIR} first; if that is unset, it tries @env{TMP}, then
|
|
|
|
|
@env{TEMP}, and finally @file{/tmp}. But on MS-Windows and MS-DOS,
|
|
|
|
|
Emacs tries @env{TEMP}, then @env{TMPDIR}, then @env{TMP}, and finally
|
|
|
|
|
@file{c:/temp}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item TZ
|
|
|
|
|
This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight
|
|
|
|
|
saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the
|
|
|
|
|
@ -624,11 +596,6 @@ variable.
|
|
|
|
|
On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER}
|
|
|
|
|
variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item TEMP
|
|
|
|
|
@itemx TMP
|
|
|
|
|
On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for
|
|
|
|
|
storing temporary files in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item EMACSTEST
|
|
|
|
|
On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the
|
|
|
|
|
internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug
|
|
|
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@ -710,27 +677,21 @@ of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file
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@cindex display name (X Window System)
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@cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable
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The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including
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Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default
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in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs
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locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for
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example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program
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remotely, displaying on your local screen.
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With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to
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let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the
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window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in
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to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or
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because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there.
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The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients,
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including Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by
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default in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run
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jobs locally. You can specify the display yourself; one reason to do
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this is if you want to log into another system and run Emacs there,
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and have the window displayed at your local terminal.
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@env{DISPLAY} has the syntax
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@samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the
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host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an
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arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X
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terminal) from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is
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a rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple
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terminal screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional.
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If included, @var{screen} is usually zero.
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a field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal screens.
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The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If included,
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@var{screen} is usually zero.
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For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is
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the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your
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@ -744,9 +705,9 @@ by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d
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emacs --display=glasperle:0 &
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@end smallexample
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You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the
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@samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on
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its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option.
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You can inhibit the use of the X window system with the @samp{-nw}
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option. Then Emacs uses its controlling text terminal for display.
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@xref{Initial Options}.
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Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system
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from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs
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@ -778,17 +739,17 @@ font:
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Use @var{font} as the default font.
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@end table
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When passing a font specification to Emacs on the command line, you
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may need to ``quote'' it, by enclosing it in quotation marks, if it
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contains characters that the shell treats specially (e.g.@: spaces).
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For example:
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When passing a font name to Emacs on the command line, you may need to
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``quote'' it, by enclosing it in quotation marks, if it contains
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characters that the shell treats specially (e.g.@: spaces). For
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example:
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@smallexample
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emacs -fn "DejaVu Sans Mono-12"
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@end smallexample
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@xref{Fonts}, for other ways to specify the default font and font name
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formats.
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@xref{Fonts}, for details about font names and other ways to specify
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the default font.
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@node Colors X
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@appendixsec Window Color Options
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@ -819,7 +780,8 @@ Specify the background color, overriding the color specified by the
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@itemx --border-color=@var{color}
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@opindex --border-color
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@cindex border color, command-line argument
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Specify the color of the border of the X window.
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Specify the color of the border of the X window. This has no effect
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if Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support.
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@item -cr @var{color}
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@opindex -cr
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@itemx --cursor-color=@var{color}
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@ -844,11 +806,10 @@ Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors.
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@opindex --color
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@cindex standard colors on a character terminal
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@cindex override character terminal color support
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For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support.
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This option is intended for overriding the number of supported colors
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that the character terminal advertises in its @code{termcap} or
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@code{terminfo} database. The parameter @var{mode} can be one of the
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following:
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Set the @dfn{color support mode} when Emacs is run on a text terminal.
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This option overrides the number of supported colors that the
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character terminal advertises in its @code{termcap} or @code{terminfo}
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database. The parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following:
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@table @samp
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@item never
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@itemx no
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@ -1090,7 +1051,7 @@ Start Emacs in an iconified (``minimized'') state.
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@itemx --no-bitmap-icon
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@opindex --no-bitmap-icon
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@cindex Emacs icon, a gnu
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Do not display the Emacs icon.
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Disable the use of the Emacs icon.
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@end table
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Most window managers allow you to ``iconify'' (or ``minimize'') an
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@ -1102,10 +1063,11 @@ The text frame doesn't appear until you deiconify (or ``un-minimize'')
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it.
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By default, Emacs uses an icon containing the Emacs logo. On
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desktop environments such as Gnome, this icon is also displayed on the
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``taskbar''. The @samp{-nbi} or @samp{--no-bitmap-icon} option tells
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Emacs to let the window manager choose what sort of icon to
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use---usually just a small rectangle containing the frame's title.
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desktop environments such as Gnome, this icon is also displayed in
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other contexts, e.g.@: when switching into an Emacs frame. The
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@samp{-nbi} or @samp{--no-bitmap-icon} option tells Emacs to let the
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window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small
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rectangle containing the frame's title.
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@node Misc X
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@appendixsec Other Display Options
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Chong Yidong