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doc/misc/gnus-faq.texi
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@ -49,23 +49,23 @@ This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form since the early
1990s, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much
of that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
of that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA@.
When autumn crept up in 1994, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
decided to rewrite Gnus.
Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
(you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
want.
This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same: thanks,
job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same: thanks,
Justin!
The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ development version that became Gnus 5.12.
@menu
* FAQ 2-1:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and
file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and
how to prevent it?
* FAQ 2-2:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
what's this?
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ development version that became Gnus 5.12.
@subsubheading Question 2.1
Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
and how to prevent it?
@subsubheading Answer
@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
@subsubheading Answer
You've got to tweak the value of the variable
gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
Specification" for information on how to do this. An
gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
Specification" for information on how to do this. An
example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
@example
@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
the groups nicely indented.
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ hit @samp{C-y}.
possible?
* FAQ 3-7:: And how about local spool files?
* FAQ 3-8:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to
read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it?
read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it?
* FAQ 3-9:: And what about IMAP?
* FAQ 3-10:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers,
can I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
@subsubheading Answer
You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
first start, put those lines in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
@example
@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what
you want, so let's do it the correct way.
The first thing you've got to do is to
create a suitable directory (no blanks in names
please), e.g., c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
please), e.g., c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Windows 9x
or Me include the line
@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ SET HOME=C:\myhome
in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit
Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go
to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced). There you'll find the
to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced). There you'll find the
possibility to set environment variables. Create a new one with
name HOME and value C:\myhome. Rebooting is not necessary.
@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ subscribe to a group.
If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
name.of.group @key{RET}} in group buffer (use the
tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
hit @samp{@key{RET}}, move point to the group
you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
@subsubheading Answer
Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
to those servers append
@example
@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
@subsubheading Answer
Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
@example
@ -418,25 +418,25 @@ to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
@subsubheading Question 3.8
OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
with Gnus, too. How to do it?
with Gnus, too. How to do it?
@subsubheading Answer
That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA@. Sometimes, you even
where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA@. Sometimes, you even
need a combination of the above cases.
However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
and is therefore quite fast. However you might prefer a one
to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
and is therefore quite fast. However you might prefer a one
file per group approach if your file system has problems with
many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
choice for you. To use nnml add the following to @file{~/.gnus.el}:
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
@end example
@noindent
Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get its mail from. If
Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get its mail from. If
it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
@example
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
@noindent
Make sure @file{~/.gnus.el} isn't readable to others if you store
your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
@example
@ -499,10 +499,10 @@ mail, it's
Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
suffix .prcml.
OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
SMTP Server you need the following in your @file{~/.gnus.el}
@example
@ -519,9 +519,9 @@ And what about IMAP?
@subsubheading Answer
There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
@file{~/.gnus.el}
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ each POP3 mail source. @xref{Mail Source Specifiers}, for details on
@subsection Reading messages
@menu
* FAQ 4-1:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
* FAQ 4-1:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
view them again?
* FAQ 4-2:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time
I enter a group, even when it's read?
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ each POP3 mail source. @xref{Mail Source Specifiers}, for details on
* FAQ 4-5:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
the top of the article buffer?
* FAQ 4-6:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
text part if it's available. How to do it?
text part if it's available. How to do it?
* FAQ 4-7:: Can I use some other browser than shr to render my
HTML-mails?
* FAQ 4-8:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ each POP3 mail source. @xref{Mail Source Specifiers}, for details on
those?
* FAQ 4-12:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail
groups. Is this a bug?
groups. Is this a bug?
* FAQ 4-13:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer,
how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
* FAQ 4-14:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to
@ -621,15 +621,15 @@ each POP3 mail source. @xref{Mail Source Specifiers}, for details on
@node FAQ 4-1
@subsubheading Question 4.1
When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
@subsubheading Answer
If you enter the group by saying
@samp{@key{RET}}
in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say
in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say
@samp{C-u @key{RET}}
instead to load all available messages. If you want only the 300 newest say
instead to load all available messages. If you want only the 300 newest say
@samp{C-u 300 @key{RET}}
Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say
@ -658,9 +658,9 @@ enter a group, even when it's read?
@subsubheading Answer
You can tick important messages. To do this hit
You can tick important messages. To do this hit
@samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
(which deletes all marks for the message).
@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ the top of the article buffer?
The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
say this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ say this in @file{~/.gnus.el}:
@subsubheading Question 4.6
I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
text part if it's available. How to do it?
text part if it's available. How to do it?
@subsubheading Answer
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ Say
@end example
@noindent
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add
@example
(setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ more readable?
Gnus offers you several functions to ``wash'' incoming mail, you can
find them if you browse through the menu, item
Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably ``Wrap
Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably ``Wrap
long lines'' (@samp{W w}), ``Decode ROT13''
(@samp{W r}) and ``Outlook Deuglify'' which repairs
the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products
@ -781,40 +781,40 @@ highlight more interesting ones in some way?
@subsubheading Answer
You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
value is low, say @minus{}800) or some other action happens.
There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
@samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
@samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit
@samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
@samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
matching. If you find me very interesting, you could add the
matching. If you find me very interesting, you could add the
following to your all.Score:
@example
@ -825,14 +825,14 @@ following to your all.Score:
This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
watches you and tries to find out what you find
interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
adaptive scoring say
@example
@ -852,11 +852,11 @@ set other variables specific for some groups?
While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
@samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
locally for the group. To disable threading enter
locally for the group. To disable threading enter
gnus-show-threads as name of variable and @code{nil} as
value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
you're ready.
@node FAQ 4-11
@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ those?
@subsubheading Answer
Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
@ -879,16 +879,16 @@ faces.
The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
mail groups. Is this a bug?
mail groups. Is this a bug?
@subsubheading Answer
No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
back ends. Gnus thinks ``highest-article-number @minus{}
lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles''. This
back ends. Gnus thinks ``highest-article-number @minus{}
lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles''. This
works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u @key{RET}}
(this makes Gnus get all messages), then
hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
@ -907,9 +907,9 @@ to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
@subsubheading Answer
You can control the windows configuration by calling the
function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
complicated but explained very well in the manual node
"Window Layout". Some popular examples:
"Window Layout". Some popular examples:
Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
@ -951,11 +951,11 @@ I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
@subsubheading Answer
You've got to play around with the variable
gnus-summary-line-format. Its value is a string of
gnus-summary-line-format. Its value is a string of
symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
manual node ``Summary Buffer Lines'' and the often forgotten
node ``Formatting Variables'' and its sub-nodes. There
node ``Formatting Variables'' and its sub-nodes. There
you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
e.g., %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
@example
(setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
@ -997,19 +997,19 @@ How to split incoming mails in several groups?
Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
the form "group where matching articles should go to",
"regular expression which has to be matched", the first
rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
send to all groups whose rules match. If you
send to all groups whose rules match. If you
don't want that (you probably don't want), say
@example
@ -1020,11 +1020,11 @@ don't want that (you probably don't want), say
in @file{~/.gnus.el}.
An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
special group and that the default group is spam, since I
filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
from using them):
@ -1089,10 +1089,10 @@ of the variables @code{shr-color-visible-distance-min} and
* FAQ 5-7:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't
remember all those email addresses?
* FAQ 5-8:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings,
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings,
too?
* FAQ 5-9:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
newsgroups?
* FAQ 5-10:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
* FAQ 5-11:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
@ -1115,18 +1115,18 @@ either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
filling the Newsgroups header manually
or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
is
@samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
author, or import the cited text manually and
@samp{R} to cite the text of the original
message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
@samp{f} and @samp{F}
(analogously to @samp{r} and
@samp{R}).
Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
headers of the article; if the value is @code{nil}, the header
name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
and the result will be thrown away.
@ -1200,8 +1200,8 @@ Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
@subsubheading Answer
That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ name etc.
You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
message-mail-p.
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ the example below, when I post to
gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
those under "^gmane" and those under
"^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
"^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
at the bottom.
@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ Yes, say something like
@end example
@noindent
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
in @file{~/.gnus.el}. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
that suits your needs.
@node FAQ 5-7
@ -1324,12 +1324,12 @@ alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.invalid>"
Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
details.
However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
Database bbdb. Get it from
Database bbdb. Get it from
@uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's website}.
Now place the following in @file{~/.gnus.el}, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
@ -1358,14 +1358,14 @@ place them in ~/.emacs:
@end example
@noindent
Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb @key{RET}
Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb @key{RET}
@key{RET}} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
@samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
also just hit @kbd{:} on the posting in the summary buffer and
you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
recipients.
@ -1373,18 +1373,18 @@ recipients.
@subsubheading Question 5.8
Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
postings, too?
@subsubheading Answer
Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
package from
@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/faces/, this site}.
and create the actual X-face by saying
@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ to @code{gnus-posting-styles}.
@subsubheading Question 5.9
Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
newsgroups?
@subsubheading Answer
@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ news, how to do it?
@subsubheading Answer
You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
group where the copies shall go or like in the example
below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
the group to use.
@ -1491,8 +1491,8 @@ aren't they and how to fix it?
@subsubheading Answer
The message-ID is a unique identifier for messages you
send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
by saying:
@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ instead (works for newer versions as well):
If you have no idea what to insert for
"yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
you to use something like
yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
* FAQ 6-3:: How to search for a specific message?
* FAQ 6-4:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
* FAQ 6-5:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
some groups). How to do it?
some groups). How to do it?
* FAQ 6-6:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move
them to another group.
@end menu
@ -1569,16 +1569,16 @@ How to import my old mail into Gnus?
@subsubheading Answer
The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
world, you may find tools at
@uref{https://sourceforge.net/projects/mbx2mbox/}.
Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox @key{RET}} in
Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
just created by saying @samp{C-u @key{RET}}
(thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
@ -1597,8 +1597,8 @@ How to archive interesting messages?
If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
@example
(defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
"Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.,
`gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
`gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
@ -1644,7 +1644,7 @@ How to search for a specific message?
@subsubheading Answer
There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
@uref{https://groups.google.com, groups.google.com},
if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
@ -1659,9 +1659,9 @@ Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
is to enter the group where the message you are
searching is and use the standard Emacs search
@samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
instead. Further on there are the
instead. Further on there are the
gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
too.
@ -1675,17 +1675,17 @@ How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
over the mail and then say @samp{B @key{DEL}}
to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
way in Gnus.
In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
older than a week) they are deleted.
@ -1694,24 +1694,24 @@ older than a week) they are deleted.
@subsubheading Question 6.5
I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
some groups). How to do it?
some groups). How to do it?
@subsubheading Answer
If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g., in
mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
got two choices: auto-expire and
total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
follows a slightly different approach, here all article
where the read mark is set are expirable.
To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
c} in summary buffer with point over the
group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
total-expire to the group-parameters.
Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ variables specific for some groups?")
* FAQ 7-1:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
minimize the time I've got to be connected?
* FAQ 7-2:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
* FAQ 7-3:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do
* FAQ 7-3:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do
it?
* FAQ 7-4:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
while I'm offline?
@ -1790,7 +1790,7 @@ Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices
are @uref{https://www.fetchmail.info/, fetchmail}
and @uref{http://pyropus.ca/software/getmail/, getmail}.
You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and
Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
sending part: This can be done with every MTA like
@uref{https://www.proofpoint.com/us/open-source-email-solution, sendmail} or
@uref{https://www.exim.org/, exim}.
@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ On windows boxes I'd vote for
it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
respectively POP3 or IMAP@. It also includes a smtp
respectively POP3 or IMAP@. It also includes a smtp
server for receiving mails from Gnus.
@node FAQ 7-2
@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@ So what was this thing about the Agent?
The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
newsreaders like Forte Agent. It is enabled by default.
You've got to select the servers whose groups can be
@ -1831,7 +1831,7 @@ there the next time you enter the group.
@node FAQ 7-3
@subsubheading Question 7.3
I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
@subsubheading Answer
@ -1839,16 +1839,16 @@ You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
done in a special buffer which can be reached by
saying @samp{J c} in group
buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
information which predicates are possible and how
exactly to do it.
Further on you can tell the agent manually which
articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
saying @samp{#} with point over the
article and then type @samp{J s}. The
article and then type @samp{J s}. The
other possibility is to set, again in the summary
buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
@ -1873,11 +1873,11 @@ while I'm offline?
All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
(plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
state by saying @samp{J j} in group
buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
gnus-unplugged} instead of
@samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
@samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
work, the agent must be active.
@node FAQ 8 - Getting help
@ -1903,10 +1903,10 @@ How to find information and help inside Emacs?
The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
@samp{C-h i d m Gnus @key{RET}} to start the
Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
@samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
apropos} searches the bound variables.
@ -1999,10 +1999,10 @@ active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
An other idea would be to byte compile your @file{~/.gnus.el} (say
@samp{M-x byte-compile-file @key{RET} ~/.gnus.el
@key{RET}} to do it). Finally, if you have require
@key{RET}} to do it). Finally, if you have require
statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
@code{with-eval-after-load}, which loads the stuff not at startup
time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
@file{~/.gnus.el}:
@example
@ -2011,7 +2011,7 @@ time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
@end example
@noindent
then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
you replace it with
@example
@ -2052,7 +2052,7 @@ Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
messages you wrote by setting
gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
to normal speed.
@ -2063,7 +2063,7 @@ to normal speed.
@item ~/.gnus.el
When the term @file{~/.gnus.el} is used it just means your Gnus
configuration file. You might as well call it @file{~/.gnus} or
configuration file. You might as well call it @file{~/.gnus} or
specify another name.
@item Back End