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(TeX Language Mode): Add mention of LaTeX mode, and change name to

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"TeX and LaTeX Language Modes."  Mention LaTeX mode throughout manual.
This commit is contained in:
Jay Belanger 2005-02-06 16:30:13 +00:00
parent 61983af023
commit 8ed713c67c
1 changed files with 210 additions and 93 deletions
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man/calc.texi
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@ -734,9 +734,10 @@ these equations for the variables @expr{x} and @expr{y}.
@noindent
Type @kbd{d B} to view the solutions in more readable notation.
Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, and @kbd{d T}
to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system.
Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation.
Type @w{@kbd{d C}} to view them in C language notation, @kbd{d T}
to view them in the notation for the @TeX{} typesetting system,
and @kbd{d L} to view them in the notation for the @LaTeX{} typesetting
system. Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation.
@noindent
Type @kbd{7.5}, then @kbd{s l a @key{RET}} to let @expr{a = 7.5} in these formulas.
@ -1119,10 +1120,10 @@ is
Calc has added annotations to the file to help it remember the modes
that were used for this formula. They are formatted like comments
in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{}.
(In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want to move
these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them out
of the way.)
in the @TeX{} typesetting language, just in case you are using @TeX{} or
@LaTeX{}. (In this example @TeX{} is not being used, so you might want
to move these comments up to the top of the file or otherwise put them
out of the way.)
As an extra flourish, we can add an equation number using a
righthand label: Type @kbd{d @} (1) @key{RET}}.
@ -5216,7 +5217,8 @@ One more mode that makes reading formulas easier is Big mode.
Here things like powers, square roots, and quotients and fractions
are displayed in a two-dimensional pictorial form. Calc has other
language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, and @TeX{} mode.
language modes as well, such as C mode, FORTRAN mode, @TeX{} mode
and @LaTeX{} mode.
@smallexample
@group
@ -13920,7 +13922,7 @@ left or right as you prefer.
@noindent
The commands in this section change Calc to use a different notation for
entry and display of formulas, corresponding to the conventions of some
other common language such as Pascal or @TeX{}. Objects displayed on the
other common language such as Pascal or @LaTeX{}. Objects displayed on the
stack or yanked from the Calculator to an editing buffer will be formatted
in the current language; objects entered in algebraic entry or yanked from
another buffer will be interpreted according to the current language.
@ -13945,10 +13947,10 @@ the brackets in @samp{a[1]} and @samp{a[2]}, would not have known that
and would have written the formula back with notations (like implicit
multiplication) which would not have been legal for a C program.
As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a @TeX{}
As another example, suppose you are maintaining a C program and a @LaTeX{}
document, each of which needs a copy of the same formula. You can grab the
formula from the program in C mode, switch to @TeX{} mode, and yank the
formula into the document in @TeX{} math-mode format.
formula from the program in C mode, switch to @LaTeX{} mode, and yank the
formula into the document in @LaTeX{} math-mode format.
Language modes are selected by typing the letter @kbd{d} followed by a
shifted letter key.
@ -13956,7 +13958,7 @@ shifted letter key.
@menu
* Normal Language Modes::
* C FORTRAN Pascal::
* TeX Language Mode::
* TeX and LaTeX Language Modes::
* Eqn Language Mode::
* Mathematica Language Mode::
* Maple Language Mode::
@ -14066,7 +14068,7 @@ all four modes, and unformatted notation works in any language mode
(except that Mathematica mode expects square brackets instead of
parentheses).
@node C FORTRAN Pascal, TeX Language Mode, Normal Language Modes, Language Modes
@node C FORTRAN Pascal, TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Normal Language Modes, Language Modes
@subsection C, FORTRAN, and Pascal Modes
@noindent
@ -14141,72 +14143,122 @@ modes will use upper-case letters exclusively for display, and will
convert to lower-case on input. With a negative prefix, these modes
convert to lower-case for display and input.
@node TeX Language Mode, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes
@subsection @TeX{} Language Mode
@node TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Eqn Language Mode, C FORTRAN Pascal, Language Modes
@subsection @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} Language Modes
@noindent
@kindex d T
@pindex calc-tex-language
@cindex TeX language
@kindex d L
@pindex calc-latex-language
@cindex LaTeX language
The @kbd{d T} (@code{calc-tex-language}) command selects the conventions
of ``math mode'' in the @TeX{} typesetting language, by Donald Knuth.
Formulas are entered
and displayed in @TeX{} notation, as in @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)}.
Math formulas are usually enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{}; these
should be omitted when interfacing with Calc. To Calc, the @samp{$} sign
has the same meaning it always does in algebraic formulas (a reference to
an existing entry on the stack).
of ``math mode'' in Donald Knuth's @TeX{} typesetting language,
and the @kbd{d L} (@code{calc-latex-language}) command selects the
conventions of ``math mode'' in @LaTeX{}, a typesetting language that
uses @TeX{} as its formatting engine. Calc's @LaTeX{} language mode can
read any formula that the @TeX{} language mode can, although @LaTeX{}
mode may display it differently.
Formulas are entered and displayed in the appropriate notation;
@texline @math{\sin(a/b)}
@infoline @expr{sin(a/b)}
will appear as @samp{\sin\left( a \over b \right)} in @TeX{} mode and
@samp{\sin\left(\frac@{a@}@{b@}\right)} in @LaTeX{} mode.
Math formulas are often enclosed by @samp{$ $} signs in @TeX{} and
@LaTeX{}; these should be omitted when interfacing with Calc. To Calc,
the @samp{$} sign has the same meaning it always does in algebraic
formulas (a reference to an existing entry on the stack).
Complex numbers are displayed as in @samp{3 + 4i}. Fractions and
quotients are written using @code{\over};
binomial coefficients are written with @code{\choose}.
Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and
error forms are written with @code{\pm}.
Absolute values are written as in @samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and
ceiling functions are written with @code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc.
The words @code{\left} and @code{\right} are ignored when reading
formulas in @TeX{} mode. Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written
as @code{\infty}; when read, @code{\infty} always translates to
@code{inf}.
quotients are written using @code{\over} in @TeX{} mode (as in
@code{@{a \over b@}}) and @code{\frac} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in
@code{\frac@{a@}@{b@}}); binomial coefficients are written with
@code{\choose} in @TeX{} mode (as in @code{@{a \choose b@}}) and
@code{\binom} in @LaTeX{} mode (as in @code{\binom@{a@}@{b@}}).
Interval forms are written with @code{\ldots}, and error forms are
written with @code{\pm}. Absolute values are written as in
@samp{|x + 1|}, and the floor and ceiling functions are written with
@code{\lfloor}, @code{\rfloor}, etc. The words @code{\left} and
@code{\right} are ignored when reading formulas in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}
modes. Both @code{inf} and @code{uinf} are written as @code{\infty};
when read, @code{\infty} always translates to @code{inf}.
Function calls are written the usual way, with the function name followed
by the arguments in parentheses. However, functions for which @TeX{} has
special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces instead of
parentheses for very simple arguments. During input, curly braces and
parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the document is
formatted the curly braces will be invisible. Thus the printed result is
by the arguments in parentheses. However, functions for which @TeX{}
and @LaTeX{} have special names (like @code{\sin}) will use curly braces
instead of parentheses for very simple arguments. During input, curly
braces and parentheses work equally well for grouping, but when the
document is formatted the curly braces will be invisible. Thus the
printed result is
@texline @math{\sin{2 x}}
@infoline @expr{sin 2x}
but
@texline @math{\sin(2 + x)}.
@infoline @expr{sin(2 + x)}.
Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} are simply
written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in italic letters
in the printed document. If you invoke @kbd{d T} with a positive numeric
prefix argument, names of more than one character will instead be written
@samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}}. The @samp{\hbox@{ @}} notation is ignored
during reading. If you use a negative prefix argument, such function
names are written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin
with @code{\} during reading have the @code{\} removed. (Note that
in this mode, long variable names are still written with @code{\hbox}.
However, you can always make an actual variable name like @code{\bar}
in any @TeX{} mode.)
Function and variable names not treated specially by @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}
are simply written out as-is, which will cause them to come out in
italic letters in the printed document. If you invoke @kbd{d T} or
@kbd{d L} with a positive numeric prefix argument, names of more than
one character will instead be enclosed in a protective commands that
will prevent them from being typeset in the math italics; they will be
written @samp{\hbox@{@var{name}@}} in @TeX{} mode and
@samp{\text@{@var{name}@}} in @LaTeX{} mode. The
@samp{\hbox@{ @}} and @samp{\text@{ @}} notations are ignored during
reading. If you use a negative prefix argument, such function names are
written @samp{\@var{name}}, and function names that begin with @code{\} during
reading have the @code{\} removed. (Note that in this mode, long
variable names are still written with @code{\hbox} or @code{\text}.
However, you can always make an actual variable name like @code{\bar} in
any @TeX{} mode.)
During reading, text of the form @samp{\matrix@{ ...@: @}} is replaced
by @samp{[ ...@: ]}. The same also applies to @code{\pmatrix} and
@code{\bmatrix}. The symbol @samp{&} is interpreted as a comma,
@code{\bmatrix}. In @LaTeX{} mode this also applies to
@samp{\begin@{matrix@} ... \end@{matrix@}},
@samp{\begin@{bmatrix@} ... \end@{bmatrix@}},
@samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} ... \end@{pmatrix@}}, as well as
@samp{\begin@{smallmatrix@} ... \end@{smallmatrix@}}.
The symbol @samp{&} is interpreted as a comma,
and the symbols @samp{\cr} and @samp{\\} are interpreted as semicolons.
During output, matrices are displayed in @samp{\matrix@{ a & b \\ c & d@}}
format; you may need to edit this afterwards to change @code{\matrix}
to @code{\pmatrix} or @code{\\} to @code{\cr}.
format in @TeX{} mode and in
@samp{\begin@{pmatrix@} a & b \\ c & d \end@{pmatrix@}} format in
@LaTeX{} mode; you may need to edit this afterwards to change to your
preferred matrix form. If you invoke @kbd{d T} or @kbd{d L} with an
argument of 2 or -2, then matrices will be displayed in two-dimensional
form, such as
@example
\begin@{pmatrix@}
a & b \\
c & d
\end@{pmatrix@}
@end example
@noindent
This may be convenient for isolated matrices, but could lead to
expressions being displayed like
@example
\begin@{pmatrix@} \times x
a & b \\
c & d
\end@{pmatrix@}
@end example
@noindent
While this wouldn't bother Calc, it is incorrect @LaTeX{}.
(Similarly for @TeX{}.)
Accents like @code{\tilde} and @code{\bar} translate into function
calls internally (@samp{tilde(x)}, @samp{bar(x)}). The @code{\underline}
sequence is treated as an accent. The @code{\vec} accent corresponds
to the function name @code{Vec}, because @code{vec} is the name of
a built-in Calc function. The following table shows the accents
in Calc, @TeX{}, and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
in Calc, @TeX{}, @LaTeX{} and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
@iftex
@begingroup
@ -14220,26 +14272,58 @@ in Calc, @TeX{}, and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Acute
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex bar
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Bar
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex breve
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Breve
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex check
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Check
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex dddot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex ddddot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex dot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Dot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex dotdot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex DotDot
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex dyad
@ignore
@starindex
@ -14248,10 +14332,18 @@ in Calc, @TeX{}, and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Grave
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex hat
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Hat
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Prime
@ignore
@starindex
@ -14260,30 +14352,50 @@ in Calc, @TeX{}, and @dfn{eqn} (described in the next section):
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Tilde
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex under
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex Vec
@ignore
@starindex
@end ignore
@tindex VEC
@iftex
@endgroup
@end iftex
@example
Calc TeX eqn
---- --- ---
acute \acute
bar \bar bar
breve \breve
check \check
dot \dot dot
dotdot \ddot dotdot
dyad dyad
grave \grave
hat \hat hat
Prime prime
tilde \tilde tilde
under \underline under
Vec \vec vec
Calc TeX LaTeX eqn
---- --- ----- ---
acute \acute \acute
Acute \Acute
bar \bar \bar bar
Bar \Bar
breve \breve \breve
Breve \Breve
check \check \check
Check \Check
dddot \dddot
ddddot \ddddot
dot \dot \dot dot
Dot \Dot
dotdot \ddot \ddot dotdot
DotDot \Ddot
dyad dyad
grave \grave \grave
Grave \Grave
hat \hat \hat hat
Hat \Hat
Prime prime
tilde \tilde \tilde tilde
Tilde \Tilde
under \underline \underline under
Vec \vec \vec vec
VEC \Vec
@end example
The @samp{=>} (evaluates-to) operator appears as a @code{\to} symbol:
@ -14320,8 +14432,9 @@ reading is:
\evalto
@end example
Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} formula
into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and font information.
Note that, because these symbols are ignored, reading a @TeX{} or
@LaTeX{} formula into Calc and writing it back out may lose spacing and
font information.
Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read
the same as @samp{*}.
@ -14449,7 +14562,7 @@ $$ \pmatrix{ {a \over b} & 0 \cr 0 & 2^{(x + 1)} } $$
@sp 2
@end iftex
@node Eqn Language Mode, Mathematica Language Mode, TeX Language Mode, Language Modes
@node Eqn Language Mode, Mathematica Language Mode, TeX and LaTeX Language Modes, Language Modes
@subsection Eqn Language Mode
@noindent
@ -14491,7 +14604,7 @@ treated the same as a space in @dfn{eqn} mode, as is the @samp{~}
symbol (these are used to introduce spaces of various widths into
the typeset output of @dfn{eqn}).
As in @TeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the
As in @LaTeX{} mode, Calc's formatter omits parentheses around the
arguments of functions like @code{ln} and @code{sin} if they are
``simple-looking''; in this case Calc surrounds the argument with
braces, separated by a @samp{~} from the function name: @samp{sin~@{x@}}.
@ -14505,17 +14618,17 @@ are treated the same as curly braces: @samp{sqrt "1+x"} is equivalent to
of quotes in @dfn{eqn}, but it is good enough for most uses.
Accent codes (@samp{@var{x} dot}) are handled by treating them as
function calls (@samp{dot(@var{x})}) internally. @xref{TeX Language
Mode}, for a table of these accent functions. The @code{prime} accent
is treated specially if it occurs on a variable or function name:
@samp{f prime prime @w{( x prime )}} is stored internally as
@samp{f'@w{'}(x')}. For example, taking the derivative of @samp{f(2 x)}
with @kbd{a d x} will produce @samp{2 f'(2 x)}, which @dfn{eqn} mode
will display as @samp{2 f prime ( 2 x )}.
function calls (@samp{dot(@var{x})}) internally.
@xref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for a table of these accent
functions. The @code{prime} accent is treated specially if it occurs on
a variable or function name: @samp{f prime prime @w{( x prime )}} is
stored internally as @samp{f'@w{'}(x')}. For example, taking the
derivative of @samp{f(2 x)} with @kbd{a d x} will produce @samp{2 f'(2
x)}, which @dfn{eqn} mode will display as @samp{2 f prime ( 2 x )}.
Assignments are written with the @samp{<-} (left-arrow) symbol,
and @code{evalto} operators are written with @samp{->} or
@samp{evalto ... ->} (@pxref{TeX Language Mode}, for a discussion
@samp{evalto ... ->} (@pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for a discussion
of this). The regular Calc symbols @samp{:=} and @samp{=>} are also
recognized for these operators during reading.
@ -15820,7 +15933,10 @@ Pascal language mode (@kbd{d P}).
FORTRAN language mode (@kbd{d F}).
@item TeX
@TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX Language Mode}).
@TeX{} language mode (@kbd{d T}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).
@item LaTeX
@LaTeX{} language mode (@kbd{d L}; @pxref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}).
@item Eqn
@dfn{Eqn} language mode (@kbd{d E}; @pxref{Eqn Language Mode}).
@ -28234,7 +28350,7 @@ since the evaluation step will also evaluate @code{pi}.
@cindex @samp{=>} operator
The special algebraic symbol @samp{=>} is known as the @dfn{evaluates-to
operator}. (It will show up as an @code{evalto} function call in
other language modes like Pascal and @TeX{}.) This is a binary
other language modes like Pascal and @LaTeX{}.) This is a binary
operator, that is, it has a lefthand and a righthand argument,
although it can be entered with the righthand argument omitted.
@ -28349,7 +28465,7 @@ operators in Algebraic mode, or by using the @kbd{s :}
(@code{calc-assign}) [@code{assign}] command which takes a variable
and value from the stack and replaces them with an assignment.
@xref{TeX Language Mode}, for the way @samp{=>} appears in
@xref{TeX and LaTeX Language Modes}, for the way @samp{=>} appears in
@TeX{} language output. The @dfn{eqn} mode gives similar
treatment to @samp{=>}.
@ -29752,7 +29868,7 @@ understands are:
The @TeX{} and La@TeX{} math delimiters @samp{$ $}, @samp{$$ $$},
@samp{\[ \]}, and @samp{\( \)};
@item
Lines beginning with @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end};
Lines beginning with @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} (except matrix delimiters);
@item
Lines beginning with @samp{@@} (Texinfo delimiters).
@item
@ -29889,16 +30005,16 @@ you haven't done anything with this formula yet.
When Embedded mode ``activates'' a formula, i.e., when it examines
the formula for the first time since the buffer was created or
loaded, Calc tries to sense the language in which the formula was
written. If the formula contains any @TeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences,
it is parsed (i.e., read) in @TeX{} mode. If the formula appears to
written. If the formula contains any @LaTeX{}-like @samp{\} sequences,
it is parsed (i.e., read) in @LaTeX{} mode. If the formula appears to
be written in multi-line Big mode, it is parsed in Big mode. Otherwise,
it is parsed according to the current language mode.
Note that Calc does not change the current language mode according
to what it finds. Even though it can read a @TeX{} formula when
not in @TeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using
whatever language mode is in effect. You must then type @kbd{d T}
to switch Calc permanently into @TeX{} mode if that is what you
to what it finds. Even though it can read a @LaTeX{} formula when
not in @LaTeX{} mode, it will immediately rewrite this formula using
whatever language mode is in effect. You must then type @kbd{d L}
to switch Calc permanently into @LaTeX{} mode if that is what you
desire.
@tex
@ -29919,8 +30035,8 @@ version.
Plain formulas are preceded and followed by @samp{%%%} signs
by default. This notation has the advantage that the @samp{%}
character begins a comment in @TeX{}, so if your formula is
embedded in a @TeX{} document its plain version will be
character begins a comment in @TeX{} and @LaTeX{}, so if your formula is
embedded in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} document its plain version will be
invisible in the final printed copy. @xref{Customizing
Embedded Mode}, to see how to change the ``plain'' formula
delimiters, say to something that @dfn{eqn} or some other
@ -30210,7 +30326,7 @@ a few lines that look like this:
@noindent
where the leading and trailing @samp{---} can be replaced by
any suitable strings (which must be the same on all three lines)
or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good
or omitted altogether; in a @TeX{} or @LaTeX{} file, @samp{%} would be a good
leading string and no trailing string would be necessary. In a
C program, @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} would be good leading and
trailing strings.
@ -34976,6 +35092,7 @@ keystrokes are not listed in this summary.
@r{ @: d O @: @: 50 @:calc-flat-language@:}
@r{ @: d P @: @: 50 @:calc-pascal-language@:}
@r{ @: d T @: @: 50 @:calc-tex-language@:}
@r{ @: d L @: @: 50 @:calc-latex-language@:}
@r{ @: d U @: @: 50 @:calc-unformatted-language@:}
@r{ @: d W @: @: 50 @:calc-maple-language@:}