Change ifinfo to ifnottex (as appropriate) throughout.
(About This Manual): Remove redundant information. (Getting Started): Mention author.
This commit is contained in:
parent
32154d10f6
commit
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2 changed files with 108 additions and 110 deletions
|
@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
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|||
2007-06-20 Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
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* calc.texi (Basic Arithmetic, Customizing Calc):
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Make description of the variable `calc-multiplication-has-precedence'
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match its new effect.
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* calc.texi:Change ifinfo to ifnottex (as appropriate) throughout.
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(About This Manual): Remove redundant information.
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||||
(Getting Started): Mention author.
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(Basic Arithmetic, Customizing Calc): Make description of the
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||||
variable `calc-multiplication-has-precedence' match its new effect.
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2007-06-19 Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
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|
210
man/calc.texi
210
man/calc.texi
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@ -124,28 +124,32 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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@end titlepage
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@c [begin]
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@node Top, Getting Started, (dir), (dir)
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@chapter The GNU Emacs Calculator
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@noindent
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@dfn{Calc} is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool
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that runs as part of the GNU Emacs environment.
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written by Dave Gillespie that runs as part of the GNU Emacs environment.
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This manual is divided into three major parts: ``Getting Started,''
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the ``Calc Tutorial,'' and the ``Calc Reference.'' The Tutorial
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introduces all the major aspects of Calculator use in an easy,
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hands-on way. The remainder of the manual is a complete reference to
|
||||
the features of the Calculator.
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This manual, also written (mostly) by Dave Gillespie, is divided into
|
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three major parts: ``Getting Started,'' the ``Calc Tutorial,'' and the
|
||||
``Calc Reference.'' The Tutorial introduces all the major aspects of
|
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Calculator use in an easy, hands-on way. The remainder of the manual is
|
||||
a complete reference to the features of the Calculator.
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@end ifnottex
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||||
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||||
@ifinfo
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||||
For help in the Emacs Info system (which you are using to read this
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||||
file), type @kbd{?}. (You can also type @kbd{h} to run through a
|
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longer Info tutorial.)
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@end ifinfo
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@menu
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* Getting Started:: General description and overview.
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@ifinfo
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* Interactive Tutorial::
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@end ifinfo
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* Tutorial:: A step-by-step introduction for beginners.
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* Introduction:: Introduction to the Calc reference manual.
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@ -179,7 +183,12 @@ longer Info tutorial.)
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* Lisp Function Index:: Internal Lisp math functions.
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@end menu
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@ifinfo
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@node Getting Started, Interactive Tutorial, Top, Top
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@end ifinfo
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@ifnotinfo
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@node Getting Started, Tutorial, Top, Top
|
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@end ifnotinfo
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@chapter Getting Started
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@noindent
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This chapter provides a general overview of Calc, the GNU Emacs
|
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|
@ -267,12 +276,6 @@ experience with GNU Emacs in order to get the most out of Calc,
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this manual ought to be readable even if you don't know or use Emacs
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regularly.
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@ifinfo
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The manual is divided into three major parts:@: the ``Getting
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Started'' chapter you are reading now, the Calc tutorial (chapter 2),
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and the Calc reference manual (the remaining chapters and appendices).
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@end ifinfo
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@iftex
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The manual is divided into three major parts:@: the ``Getting
|
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Started'' chapter you are reading now, the Calc tutorial (chapter 2),
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and the Calc reference manual (the remaining chapters and appendices).
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|
@ -280,7 +283,6 @@ and the Calc reference manual (the remaining chapters and appendices).
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@c This manual has been printed in two volumes, the @dfn{Tutorial} and the
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@c @dfn{Reference}. Both volumes include a copy of the ``Getting Started''
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@c chapter.
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@end iftex
|
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|
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If you are in a hurry to use Calc, there is a brief ``demonstration''
|
||||
below which illustrates the major features of Calc in just a couple of
|
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|
@ -321,6 +323,7 @@ you can also go to the part of the manual describing any Calc key,
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function, or variable using @w{@kbd{h k}}, @kbd{h f}, or @kbd{h v},
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respectively. @xref{Help Commands}.
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@ifnottex
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The Calc manual can be printed, but because the manual is so large, you
|
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should only make a printed copy if you really need it. To print the
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manual, you will need the @TeX{} typesetting program (this is a free
|
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|
@ -347,7 +350,7 @@ or
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@example
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dvips calc.dvi
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@end example
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@end ifnottex
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@c Printed copies of this manual are also available from the Free Software
|
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@c Foundation.
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|
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|
@ -543,13 +546,13 @@ system. Type @kbd{d N} to return to normal notation.
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Type @kbd{7.5}, then @kbd{s l a @key{RET}} to let @expr{a = 7.5} in these formulas.
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(That's a letter @kbd{l}, not a numeral @kbd{1}.)
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@iftex
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@ifnotinfo
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@strong{Help functions.} You can read about any command in the on-line
|
||||
manual. Type @kbd{C-x * c} to return to Calc after each of these
|
||||
commands: @kbd{h k t N} to read about the @kbd{t N} command,
|
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@kbd{h f sqrt @key{RET}} to read about the @code{sqrt} function, and
|
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@kbd{h s} to read the Calc summary.
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@end iftex
|
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@end ifnotinfo
|
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@ifinfo
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@strong{Help functions.} You can read about any command in the on-line
|
||||
manual. Remember to type the letter @kbd{l}, then @kbd{C-x * c}, to
|
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|
@ -1251,9 +1254,12 @@ Press @kbd{1} now to enter the first section of the Tutorial.
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@menu
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* Tutorial::
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@end menu
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@end ifinfo
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@node Tutorial, Introduction, Interactive Tutorial, Top
|
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@end ifinfo
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@ifnotinfo
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@node Tutorial, Introduction, Getting Started, Top
|
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@end ifnotinfo
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@chapter Tutorial
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@noindent
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|
@ -1272,32 +1278,22 @@ The Quick mode and Keypad mode interfaces are fairly
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self-explanatory. @xref{Embedded Mode}, for a description of
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the Embedded mode interface.
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@ifinfo
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The easiest way to read this tutorial on-line is to have two windows on
|
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your Emacs screen, one with Calc and one with the Info system. (If you
|
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have a printed copy of the manual you can use that instead.) Press
|
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@kbd{C-x * c} to turn Calc on or to switch into the Calc window, and
|
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press @kbd{C-x * i} to start the Info system or to switch into its window.
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Or, you may prefer to use the tutorial in printed form.
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@end ifinfo
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@iftex
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The easiest way to read this tutorial on-line is to have two windows on
|
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your Emacs screen, one with Calc and one with the Info system. (If you
|
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have a printed copy of the manual you can use that instead.) Press
|
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@kbd{C-x * c} to turn Calc on or to switch into the Calc window, and
|
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press @kbd{C-x * i} to start the Info system or to switch into its window.
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@end iftex
|
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This tutorial is designed to be done in sequence. But the rest of this
|
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manual does not assume you have gone through the tutorial. The tutorial
|
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does not cover everything in the Calculator, but it touches on most
|
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general areas.
|
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|
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@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
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You may wish to print out a copy of the Calc Summary and keep notes on
|
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it as you learn Calc. @xref{About This Manual}, to see how to make a
|
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printed summary. @xref{Summary}.
|
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
|
||||
@iftex
|
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The Calc Summary at the end of the reference manual includes some blank
|
||||
space for your own use. You may wish to keep notes there as you learn
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|
@ -1334,13 +1330,13 @@ to control various modes of the Calculator.
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@subsection RPN Calculations and the Stack
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@cindex RPN notation
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@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
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@noindent
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||||
Calc normally uses RPN notation. You may be familiar with the RPN
|
||||
system from Hewlett-Packard calculators, FORTH, or PostScript.
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(Reverse Polish Notation, RPN, is named after the Polish mathematician
|
||||
Jan Lukasiewicz.)
|
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\noindent
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Calc normally uses RPN notation. You may be familiar with the RPN
|
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|
@ -1769,7 +1765,7 @@ is equivalent to
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@noindent
|
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or, in large mathematical notation,
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@example
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@group
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3 * 4 * 5
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|
@ -1778,7 +1774,7 @@ or, in large mathematical notation,
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6 * 7
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@end group
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@end example
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -3325,7 +3321,7 @@ We can multiply these two matrices in either order to get an identity.
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Matrix inverses are related to systems of linear equations in algebra.
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Suppose we had the following set of equations:
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@group
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@example
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a + 2b + 3c = 6
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|
@ -3333,7 +3329,7 @@ Suppose we had the following set of equations:
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7a + 6b = 3
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@end example
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@end group
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplayh
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|
@ -3352,7 +3348,7 @@ $$
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@noindent
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This can be cast into the matrix equation,
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@group
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@example
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[ [ 1, 2, 3 ] [ [ a ] [ [ 6 ]
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|
@ -3360,7 +3356,7 @@ This can be cast into the matrix equation,
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[ 7, 6, 0 ] ] [ c ] ] [ 3 ] ]
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@end example
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@end group
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -3425,14 +3421,14 @@ vectors and matrices that include variables. Solve the following
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system of equations to get expressions for @expr{x} and @expr{y}
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in terms of @expr{a} and @expr{b}.
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|
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@group
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@example
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x + a y = 6
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x + b y = 10
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@end example
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@end group
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -3456,9 +3452,9 @@ you can't solve @expr{A X = B} directly because the matrix @expr{A}
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is not square for an over-determined system. Matrix inversion works
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only for square matrices. One common trick is to multiply both sides
|
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on the left by the transpose of @expr{A}:
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@samp{trn(A)*A*X = trn(A)*B}.
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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$A^T A \, X = A^T B$, where $A^T$ is the transpose \samp{trn(A)}.
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|
@ -3472,7 +3468,7 @@ solution, which can be regarded as the ``closest'' solution to the set
|
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of equations. Use Calc to solve the following over-determined
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system:
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
|
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@group
|
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@example
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a + 2b + 3c = 6
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|
@ -3481,7 +3477,7 @@ system:
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2a + 4b + 6c = 11
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@end example
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@end group
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplayh
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|
@ -3749,11 +3745,11 @@ stored value from the stack.)
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In a least squares fit, the slope @expr{m} is given by the formula
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@example
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m = (N sum(x y) - sum(x) sum(y)) / (N sum(x^2) - sum(x)^2)
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@end example
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
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@tex
|
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -3790,12 +3786,12 @@ this formula uses.
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@end group
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@end smallexample
|
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|
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@ifinfo
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@ifnottex
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@noindent
|
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These are @samp{sum(x)}, @samp{sum(x^2)}, @samp{sum(y)}, and @samp{sum(x y)},
|
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respectively. (We could have used @kbd{*} to compute @samp{sum(x^2)} and
|
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@samp{sum(x y)}.)
|
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
|
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@tex
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\turnoffactive
|
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These are $\sum x$, $\sum x^2$, $\sum y$, and $\sum x y$,
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|
@ -3845,11 +3841,11 @@ Now we grind through the formula:
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That gives us the slope @expr{m}. The y-intercept @expr{b} can now
|
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be found with the simple formula,
|
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|
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@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
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@example
|
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b = (sum(y) - m sum(x)) / N
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@end example
|
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@end ifinfo
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@end ifnottex
|
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@tex
|
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\turnoffactive
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -3987,14 +3983,14 @@ The @kbd{C-x * g} command accepts numbers separated by spaces or commas,
|
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with or without surrounding vector brackets.
|
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@xref{List Answer 3, 3}. (@bullet{})
|
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|
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@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
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As another example, a theorem about binomial coefficients tells
|
||||
us that the alternating sum of binomial coefficients
|
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@var{n}-choose-0 minus @var{n}-choose-1 plus @var{n}-choose-2, and so
|
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on up to @var{n}-choose-@var{n},
|
||||
always comes out to zero. Let's verify this
|
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for @expr{n=6}.
|
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
|
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@tex
|
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As another example, a theorem about binomial coefficients tells
|
||||
us that the alternating sum of binomial coefficients
|
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|
@ -5193,12 +5189,12 @@ to be a better approximation than stairsteps. A third method is
|
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that the steps are not required to be flat. Simpson's rule boils
|
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down to the formula,
|
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|
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@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
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@example
|
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(h/3) * (f(a) + 4 f(a+h) + 2 f(a+2h) + 4 f(a+3h) + ...
|
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+ 2 f(a+(n-2)*h) + 4 f(a+(n-1)*h) + f(a+n*h))
|
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@end example
|
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@end ifinfo
|
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@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
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\turnoffactive
|
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\beforedisplay
|
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|
@ -5215,12 +5211,12 @@ is the width of each slice. These are 10 and 0.1 in our example.
|
|||
For reference, here is the corresponding formula for the stairstep
|
||||
method:
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
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h * (f(a) + f(a+h) + f(a+2h) + f(a+3h) + ...
|
||||
+ f(a+(n-2)*h) + f(a+(n-1)*h))
|
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@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
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@tex
|
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\turnoffactive
|
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\beforedisplay
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|
@ -5657,11 +5653,11 @@ so that @expr{2 - 3 (x + y) + x y} is a sum of three terms.)
|
|||
infinite series that exactly equals the value of that function at
|
||||
values of @expr{x} near zero.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
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@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
cos(x) = 1 - x^2 / 2! + x^4 / 4! - x^6 / 6! + ...
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -5675,11 +5671,11 @@ Calc represents the truncated Taylor series as a polynomial in @expr{x}.
|
|||
Mathematicians often write a truncated series using a ``big-O'' notation
|
||||
that records what was the lowest term that was truncated.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
cos(x) = 1 - x^2 / 2! + O(x^3)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -6204,11 +6200,11 @@ equations numerically is @dfn{Newton's Method}. Given the equation
|
|||
@expr{x_0} which is reasonably close to the desired solution, apply
|
||||
this formula over and over:
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
new_x = x - f(x)/f'(x)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
$$ x_{\rm new} = x - {f(x) \over f'(x)} $$
|
||||
|
@ -6242,11 +6238,11 @@ is defined as the derivative of
|
|||
@infoline @expr{ln(gamma(z))}.
|
||||
For large values of @expr{z}, it can be approximated by the infinite sum
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
psi(z) ~= ln(z) - 1/2z - sum(bern(2 n) / 2 n z^(2 n), n, 1, inf)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
$$ \psi(z) \approx \ln z - {1\over2z} -
|
||||
|
@ -6305,13 +6301,13 @@ a way to convert from this form back to the standard algebraic form.
|
|||
(@bullet{}) @strong{Exercise 11.} The @dfn{Stirling numbers of the
|
||||
first kind} are defined by the recurrences,
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
s(n,n) = 1 for n >= 0,
|
||||
s(n,0) = 0 for n > 0,
|
||||
s(n+1,m) = s(n,m-1) - n s(n,m) for n >= m >= 1.
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -6843,14 +6839,14 @@ get the row sum. Similarly, use @kbd{[1 1] r 4 *} to get the column sum.
|
|||
@node Matrix Answer 2, Matrix Answer 3, Matrix Answer 1, Answers to Exercises
|
||||
@subsection Matrix Tutorial Exercise 2
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@group
|
||||
x + a y = 6
|
||||
x + b y = 10
|
||||
@end group
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -6905,7 +6901,7 @@ now, we have a system
|
|||
@infoline @expr{A2 * X = B2}
|
||||
which we can solve using Calc's @samp{/} command.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@group
|
||||
a + 2b + 3c = 6
|
||||
|
@ -6914,7 +6910,7 @@ which we can solve using Calc's @samp{/} command.
|
|||
2a + 4b + 6c = 11
|
||||
@end group
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplayh
|
||||
|
@ -7045,11 +7041,11 @@ vector.
|
|||
Given @expr{x} and @expr{y} vectors in quick variables 1 and 2 as before,
|
||||
the first job is to form the matrix that describes the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
m*x + b*1 = y
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -7836,11 +7832,11 @@ Why does this work? Think about a two-step computation:
|
|||
subtracting off enough 511's to put the result in the desired range.
|
||||
So the result when we take the modulo after every step is,
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
3 (3 a + b - 511 m) + c - 511 n
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -7852,11 +7848,11 @@ $$ 3 (3 a + b - 511 m) + c - 511 n $$
|
|||
for some suitable integers @expr{m} and @expr{n}. Expanding out by
|
||||
the distributive law yields
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
9 a + 3 b + c - 511*3 m - 511 n
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -7870,11 +7866,11 @@ contribution it makes could just as easily be made by the @expr{n}
|
|||
term. So we can take it out to get an equivalent formula with
|
||||
@expr{n' = 3m + n},
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
9 a + 3 b + c - 511 n'
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -11285,7 +11281,7 @@ from 1 to 8. Interval arithmetic is used to get a worst-case estimate
|
|||
of the possible range of values a computation will produce, given the
|
||||
set of possible values of the input.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
Calc supports several varieties of intervals, including @dfn{closed}
|
||||
intervals of the type shown above, @dfn{open} intervals such as
|
||||
@samp{(2 ..@: 4)}, which represents the range of numbers from 2 to 4
|
||||
|
@ -11296,7 +11292,7 @@ terms,
|
|||
@samp{[2 ..@: 4)} represents @expr{2 <= x < 4},
|
||||
@samp{(2 ..@: 4]} represents @expr{2 < x <= 4}, and
|
||||
@samp{(2 ..@: 4)} represents @expr{2 < x < 4}.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
Calc supports several varieties of intervals, including \dfn{closed}
|
||||
intervals of the type shown above, \dfn{open} intervals such as
|
||||
|
@ -11929,14 +11925,14 @@ commands, @kbd{t h} works only when Calc Trail is the selected window.
|
|||
@pindex calc-trail-isearch-forward
|
||||
@kindex t r
|
||||
@pindex calc-trail-isearch-backward
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
The @kbd{t s} (@code{calc-trail-isearch-forward}) and @kbd{t r}
|
||||
(@code{calc-trail-isearch-backward}) commands perform an incremental
|
||||
search forward or backward through the trail. You can press @key{RET}
|
||||
to terminate the search; the trail pointer moves to the current line.
|
||||
If you cancel the search with @kbd{C-g}, the trail pointer stays where
|
||||
it was when the search began.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
The @kbd{t s} (@code{calc-trail-isearch-forward}) and @kbd{t r}
|
||||
(@code{calc-trail-isearch-backward}) com\-mands perform an incremental
|
||||
|
@ -14237,10 +14233,10 @@ font information.
|
|||
Also, the ``discretionary multiplication sign'' @samp{\*} is read
|
||||
the same as @samp{*}.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
The @TeX{} version of this manual includes some printed examples at the
|
||||
end of this section.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
Here are some examples of how various Calc formulas are formatted in @TeX{}:
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -17656,7 +17652,7 @@ formulas below for symbolic arguments only when you use the @kbd{a "}
|
|||
(@code{calc-expand-formula}) command, or when taking derivatives or
|
||||
integrals or solving equations involving the functions.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
These formulas are shown using the conventions of Big display
|
||||
mode (@kbd{d B}); for example, the formula for @code{fv} written
|
||||
linearly is @samp{pmt * ((1 + rate)^n) - 1) / rate}.
|
||||
|
@ -17736,7 +17732,7 @@ syd(cost, salv, life, per) = --------------------------------
|
|||
ddb(cost, salv, life, per) = --------, book = cost - depreciation so far
|
||||
life
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
$$ \code{fv}(r, n, p) = p { (1 + r)^n - 1 \over r } $$
|
||||
|
@ -18385,14 +18381,14 @@ some authors, is computed by the @kbd{I f G} [@code{gammaQ}] command.
|
|||
You can think of this as taking the other half of the integral, from
|
||||
@expr{x} to infinity.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
The functions corresponding to the integrals that define @expr{P(a,x)}
|
||||
and @expr{Q(a,x)} but without the normalizing @expr{1/gamma(a)}
|
||||
factor are called @expr{g(a,x)} and @expr{G(a,x)}, respectively
|
||||
(where @expr{g} and @expr{G} represent the lower- and upper-case Greek
|
||||
letter gamma). You can obtain these using the @kbd{H f G} [@code{gammag}]
|
||||
and @kbd{H I f G} [@code{gammaG}] commands.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
The functions corresponding to the integrals that define $P(a,x)$
|
||||
|
@ -18908,10 +18904,10 @@ real numbers by
|
|||
@kindex H k c
|
||||
@pindex calc-perm
|
||||
@tindex perm
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
The @kbd{H k c} (@code{calc-perm}) [@code{perm}] command computes the
|
||||
number-of-permutations function @expr{N! / (N-M)!}.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
The \kbd{H k c} (\code{calc-perm}) [\code{perm}] command computes the
|
||||
number-of-perm\-utations function $N! \over (N-M)!\,$.
|
||||
|
@ -23151,13 +23147,13 @@ integral of the expression on top of the stack. In this case, the
|
|||
command will again prompt for an integration variable, then prompt for a
|
||||
lower limit and an upper limit.
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
If you use the @code{integ} function directly in an algebraic formula,
|
||||
you can also write @samp{integ(f,x,v)} which expresses the resulting
|
||||
indefinite integral in terms of variable @code{v} instead of @code{x}.
|
||||
With four arguments, @samp{integ(f(x),x,a,b)} represents a definite
|
||||
integral from @code{a} to @code{b}.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
If you use the @code{integ} function directly in an algebraic formula,
|
||||
you can also write @samp{integ(f,x,v)} which expresses the resulting
|
||||
|
@ -24038,14 +24034,14 @@ name only those and let the parameters use default names.
|
|||
|
||||
For example, suppose the data matrix
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@group
|
||||
[ [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
|
||||
[ 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 ] ]
|
||||
@end group
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
|
@ -24102,11 +24098,11 @@ Calc has chosen a line that best approximates the data points using
|
|||
the method of least squares. The idea is to define the @dfn{chi-square}
|
||||
error measure
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
chi^2 = sum((y_i - (a + b x_i))^2, i, 1, N)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -24291,11 +24287,11 @@ then the
|
|||
@infoline @expr{chi^2}
|
||||
statistic is now,
|
||||
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@example
|
||||
chi^2 = sum(((y_i - (a + b x_i)) / sigma_i)^2, i, 1, N)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
@tex
|
||||
\turnoffactive
|
||||
\beforedisplay
|
||||
|
@ -27613,9 +27609,9 @@ The unit @code{A} stands for Amperes; the name @code{Ang} is used
|
|||
@tex
|
||||
for \AA ngstroms.
|
||||
@end tex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
for Angstroms.
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
|
||||
The unit @code{pt} stands for pints; the name @code{point} stands for
|
||||
a typographical point, defined by @samp{72 point = 1 in}. This is
|
||||
|
@ -34535,9 +34531,9 @@ modification follow.
|
|||
@iftex
|
||||
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
|
||||
@enumerate 0
|
||||
@item
|
||||
|
@ -34760,9 +34756,9 @@ of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@center NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
||||
|
@ -34790,9 +34786,9 @@ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@ifnottex
|
||||
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
@end ifnottex
|
||||
|
||||
@page
|
||||
@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue