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@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ the whole list.
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Lists in Lisp are not a primitive data type; they are built up from
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@dfn{cons cells}. A cons cell is a data object that represents an
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ordered pair. It records two Lisp objects, one labeled as the @sc{car},
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and the other labeled as the @sc{cdr}. These names are traditional; see
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@ref{Cons Cell Type}. @sc{cdr} is pronounced ``could-er.''
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ordered pair. It holds, or ``points to,'' two Lisp objects, one labeled
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as the @sc{car}, and the other labeled as the @sc{cdr}. These names are
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traditional; see @ref{Cons Cell Type}. @sc{cdr} is pronounced
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``could-er.''
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A list is a series of cons cells chained together, one cons cell per
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element of the list. By convention, the @sc{car}s of the cons cells are
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@ -82,10 +83,10 @@ made from two cons cells:
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Each pair of boxes represents a cons cell. Each box ``refers to'',
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``points to'' or ``contains'' a Lisp object. (These terms are
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synonymous.) The first box, which is the @sc{car} of the first cons
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cell, contains the symbol @code{tulip}. The arrow from the @sc{cdr} of
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the first cons cell to the second cons cell indicates that the @sc{cdr}
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of the first cons cell points to the second cons cell.
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synonymous.) The first box, which describes the @sc{car} of the first
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cons cell, contains the symbol @code{tulip}. The arrow from the
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@sc{cdr} box of the first cons cell to the second cons cell indicates
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that the @sc{cdr} of the first cons cell is the second cons cell.
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The same list can be illustrated in a different sort of box notation
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like this:
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@ -668,8 +669,9 @@ different element.
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@defun setcar cons object
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This function stores @var{object} as the new @sc{car} of @var{cons},
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replacing its previous @sc{car}. It returns the value @var{object}.
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For example:
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replacing its previous @sc{car}. In other words, it changes the
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@sc{car} slot of @var{cons} to point to @var{object}. It returns the
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value @var{object}. For example:
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@example
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@group
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@ -770,7 +772,9 @@ x2: |
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@defun setcdr cons object
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This function stores @var{object} as the new @sc{cdr} of @var{cons},
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replacing its previous @sc{cdr}. It returns the value @var{object}.
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replacing its previous @sc{cdr}. In other words, it changes the
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@sc{cdr} slot of @var{cons} to point to @var{object}. It returns the
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value @var{object}.
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@end defun
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Here is an example of replacing the @sc{cdr} of a list with a
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@ -797,7 +801,7 @@ x
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You can delete elements from the middle of a list by altering the
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@sc{cdr}s of the cons cells in the list. For example, here we delete
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the second element, @code{b}, from the list @code{(a b c)}, by changing
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the @sc{cdr} of the first cell:
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the @sc{cdr} of the first cons cell:
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@example
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@group
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@ -968,7 +972,7 @@ each time you run it! Here is what happens:
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This function reverses the order of the elements of @var{list}.
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Unlike @code{reverse}, @code{nreverse} alters its argument by reversing
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the @sc{cdr}s in the cons cells forming the list. The cons cell that
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used to be the last one in @var{list} becomes the first cell of the
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used to be the last one in @var{list} becomes the first cons cell of the
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value.
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For example:
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@ -985,7 +989,7 @@ x
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@result{} (4 3 2 1)
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@end group
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@group
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;; @r{The cell that was first is now last.}
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;; @r{The cons cell that was first is now last.}
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x
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@result{} (1)
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@end group
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@ -1249,7 +1253,7 @@ for another way to add an element to a list stored in a variable.
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An @dfn{association list}, or @dfn{alist} for short, records a mapping
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from keys to values. It is a list of cons cells called
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@dfn{associations}: the @sc{car} of each cell is the @dfn{key}, and the
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@dfn{associations}: the @sc{car} of each cons cell is the @dfn{key}, and the
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@sc{cdr} is the @dfn{associated value}.@footnote{This usage of ``key''
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is not related to the term ``key sequence''; it means a value used to
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look up an item in a table. In this case, the table is the alist, and
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