Doc fixes for quoting

* doc/emacs/text.texi, doc/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi:
* doc/lispref/control.texi, doc/lispref/display.texi:
* doc/lispref/help.texi, doc/lispref/strings.texi, lisp/subr.el:
* src/callint.c, src/doprnt.c, src/editfns.c:
Document quoting a bit more systematically.
Problem reported by Alan Mackenzie (Bug#23425).

doc/emacs/text.texi

@@ -862,8 +862,8 @@ indenting the current line.  @xref{Indentation}, for details.
 
   Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when
 you explicitly invoke them.  It changes the syntax table so that
-single-quotes are considered part of words (e.g., @samp{don't} is
+apostrophes are considered part of words (e.g., @samp{don't} is
-considered one word).  However, if a word starts with a single-quote,
+considered one word).  However, if a word starts with an apostrophe,
 it is treated as a prefix for the purposes of capitalization
 (e.g., @kbd{M-c} converts @samp{'hello'} into @samp{'Hello'}, as
 expected).

doc/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi

@@ -1004,11 +1004,11 @@ the name stands for ``Lots of Isolated Silly Parentheses''.  But the
 claim is unwarranted.  Lisp stands for LISt Processing, and the
 programming language handles @emph{lists} (and lists of lists) by
 putting them between parentheses.  The parentheses mark the boundaries
-of the list.  Sometimes a list is preceded by a single apostrophe or
+of the list.  Sometimes a list is preceded by an apostrophe @samp{'},
-quotation mark, @samp{'}@footnote{The single apostrophe or quotation
+called a @dfn{single-quote} in Lisp.@footnote{A single-quote is an
-mark is an abbreviation for the function @code{quote}; you need not
+abbreviation for the special form @code{quote}; you need not think
-think about functions now; functions are defined in @ref{Making
+about special forms now.  @xref{Complications}.}  Lists are the basis
-Errors, , Generate an Error Message}.}  Lists are the basis of Lisp.
+of Lisp.
 
 @menu
 * Lisp Lists::                  What are lists?
@@ -2490,14 +2490,7 @@ in the list and then at the function definition bound to that symbol.
 Then the instructions in the function definition are carried out.
 
 @item
-A single quotation mark,
+A single-quote @samp{'} tells the Lisp interpreter that it should
-@ifinfo
-'
-@end ifinfo
-@ifnotinfo
-@code{'}
-@end ifnotinfo
-, tells the Lisp interpreter that it should
 return the following expression as written, and not evaluate it as it
 would if the quote were not there.
 
@@ -7610,7 +7603,8 @@ displays in which grave accent and apostrophe were often mirror images
 suitable for use as quotes.  On most modern displays this is no longer
 true, and when these two ASCII characters appear in documentation
 strings or diagnostic message formats, Emacs typically transliterates
-them to curved single quotes, so that the abovequoted symbol appears
+them to @dfn{curved quotes} (left and right single quotation marks),
+so that the abovequoted symbol appears
 as @t{‘case-fold-search’}.  Source-code strings can also simply use
 curved quotes directly.
 
@@ -17117,7 +17111,7 @@ This line is a short, but complete Emacs Lisp expression.
 
 We are already familiar with @code{setq}.  It sets the following variable,
 @code{major-mode}, to the subsequent value, which is @code{text-mode}.
-The single quote mark before @code{text-mode} tells Emacs to deal directly
+The single-quote before @code{text-mode} tells Emacs to deal directly
 with the @code{text-mode} symbol, not with whatever it might stand for.
 @xref{set & setq, , Setting the Value of a Variable},
 for a reminder of how @code{setq} works.
@@ -17284,11 +17278,11 @@ Rebinding Keys in Your Init File, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
 details.)
 
 The command invoked by the keys is @code{compare-windows}.  Note that
-@code{compare-windows} is preceded by a single quote; otherwise, Emacs
+@code{compare-windows} is preceded by a single-quote; otherwise, Emacs
 would first try to evaluate the symbol to determine its value.
 
 These three things, the double quotation marks, the backslash before
-the @samp{C}, and the single quote mark are necessary parts of
+the @samp{C}, and the single-quote are necessary parts of
 keybinding that I tend to forget.  Fortunately, I have come to
 remember that I should look at my existing @file{.emacs} file, and
 adapt what is there.

doc/lispref/control.texi

@@ -1100,10 +1100,12 @@ These examples show typical uses of @code{error}:
 error symbol @code{error}, and a list containing the string returned by
 @code{format-message}.
 
-In a format string containing single quotes, curved quotes @t{‘like
+A format that quotes with grave accents and apostrophes @t{`like
-this’} and grave quotes @t{`like this'} work better than straight
+this'} typically generates curved quotes @t{‘like this’}.  In
-quotes @t{'like this'}, as @code{error} typically formats every
+contrast, a format that quotes with only apostrophes @t{'like this'}
-straight quote as a curved closing quote.
+typically generates two closing curved quotes @t{’like this’}, an
+unusual style in English.  @xref{Keys in Documentation}, for how the
+@code{text-quoting-style} variable affects generated quotes.
 
 @strong{Warning:} If you want to use your own string as an error message
 verbatim, don't just write @code{(error @var{string})}.  If @var{string}

doc/lispref/display.texi

@@ -265,10 +265,12 @@ properties, it is displayed with the specified faces (@pxref{Faces}).
 The string is also added to the @file{*Messages*} buffer, but without
 text properties (@pxref{Logging Messages}).
 
-In a format string containing single quotes, curved quotes @t{‘like
+A format that quotes with grave accents and apostrophes @t{`like
-this’} and grave quotes @t{`like this'} work better than straight
+this'} typically generates curved quotes @t{‘like this’}.  In
-quotes @t{'like this'}, as @code{message} typically formats every
+contrast, a format that quotes with only apostrophes @t{'like this'}
-straight quote as a curved closing quote.
+typically generates two closing curved quotes @t{’like this’}, an
+unusual style in English.  @xref{Keys in Documentation}, for how the
+@code{text-quoting-style} variable affects generated quotes.
 
 In batch mode, the message is printed to the standard error stream,
 followed by a newline.

doc/lispref/help.texi

@@ -335,10 +335,14 @@ specifies @var{mapvar}'s value as the keymap for any following
 @item ‘
 @itemx `
 (left single quotation mark and grave accent) both stand for a left quote.
+This generates a left single quotation mark, an apostrophe, or a grave
+accent depending on the value of @code{text-quoting-style}.
 
 @item ’
 @itemx '
 (right single quotation mark and apostrophe) both stand for a right quote.
+This generates a right single quotation mark or an apostrophe
+depending on the value of @code{text-quoting-style}.
 
 @item \=
 quotes the following character and is discarded; thus, @samp{\=`} puts

doc/lispref/strings.texi

@@ -834,8 +834,14 @@ if any.
 This function acts like @code{format}, except it also converts any
 curved single quotes in @var{string} as per the value of
 @code{text-quoting-style}, and treats grave accent (@t{`}) and
-apostrophe (@t{'}) as if they were curved single quotes.  @xref{Keys
+apostrophe (@t{'}) as if they were curved single quotes.
-in Documentation}.
+
+A format that quotes with grave accents and apostrophes @t{`like
+this'} typically generates curved quotes @t{‘like this’}.  In
+contrast, a format that quotes with only apostrophes @t{'like this'}
+typically generates two closing curved quotes @t{’like this’}, an
+unusual style in English.  @xref{Keys in Documentation}, for how the
+@code{text-quoting-style} variable affects generated quotes.
 @end defun
 
 @cindex @samp{%} in format

lisp/subr.el

@@ -290,21 +290,27 @@ This function accepts any number of arguments, but ignores them."
 
 ;; Signal a compile-error if the first arg is missing.
 (defun error (&rest args)
-  "Signal an error, making error message by passing all args to `format'.
+  "Signal an error, making a message by passing args to `format-message'.
 In Emacs, the convention is that error messages start with a capital
 letter but *do not* end with a period.  Please follow this convention
-for the sake of consistency."
+for the sake of consistency.
+
+Note: (error \"%s\" VALUE) makes the message VALUE without
+interpreting format characters like `%', `\\=`', and `\\=''."
   (declare (advertised-calling-convention (string &rest args) "23.1"))
   (signal 'error (list (apply #'format-message args))))
 
 (defun user-error (format &rest args)
-  "Signal a pilot error, making error message by passing all args to `format'.
+  "Signal a pilot error, making a message by passing args to `format-message'.
 In Emacs, the convention is that error messages start with a capital
 letter but *do not* end with a period.  Please follow this convention
 for the sake of consistency.
 This is just like `error' except that `user-error's are expected to be the
 result of an incorrect manipulation on the part of the user, rather than the
-result of an actual problem."
+result of an actual problem.
+
+Note: (user-error \"%s\" VALUE) makes the message VALUE without
+interpreting format characters like `%', `\\=`', and `\\=''."
   (signal 'user-error (list (apply #'format-message format args))))
 
 (defun define-error (name message &optional parent)

src/callint.c

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ invoke it.  If KEYS is omitted or nil, the return value of
 {
   /* `args' will contain the array of arguments to pass to the function.
      `visargs' will contain the same list but in a nicer form, so that if we
-     pass it to `Fformat' it will be understandable to a human.  */
+     pass it to `Fformat_message' it will be understandable to a human.  */
   Lisp_Object *args, *visargs;
   Lisp_Object specs;
   Lisp_Object filter_specs;

src/doprnt.c

@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
    ignored %s and %c conversions.  (See below for the detailed documentation of
    what is supported.)  However, this is okay, as this function is supposed to
    be called from `error' and similar functions, and thus does not need to
-   support features beyond those in `Fformat', which is used by `error' on the
+   support features beyond those in `Fformat_message', which is used
-   Lisp level.  */
+   by `error' on the Lisp level.  */
 
 /* In the FORMAT argument this function supports ` and ' as directives
    that output left and right quotes as per ‘text-quoting style’.  It
    also supports the following %-sequences:
 
    %s means print a string argument.
-   %S is silently treated as %s, for loose compatibility with `Fformat'.
+   %S is treated as %s, for loose compatibility with `Fformat_message'.
    %d means print a `signed int' argument in decimal.
    %o means print an `unsigned int' argument in octal.
    %x means print an `unsigned int' argument in hex.

src/editfns.c

@@ -3665,10 +3665,11 @@ In batch mode, the message is printed to the standard error stream,
 followed by a newline.
 
 The first argument is a format control string, and the rest are data
-to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format' for details.
+to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format-message' for
+details.
 
-Note: Use (message "%s" VALUE) to print the value of expressions and
+Note: (message "%s" VALUE) displays the string VALUE without
-variables to avoid accidentally interpreting `%' as format specifiers.
+interpreting format characters like `%', `\\=`', and `\\=''.
 
 If the first argument is nil or the empty string, the function clears
 any existing message; this lets the minibuffer contents show.  See
@@ -3696,7 +3697,8 @@ DEFUN ("message-box", Fmessage_box, Smessage_box, 1, MANY, 0,
        doc: /* Display a message, in a dialog box if possible.
 If a dialog box is not available, use the echo area.
 The first argument is a format control string, and the rest are data
-to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format' for details.
+to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format-message' for
+details.
 
 If the first argument is nil or the empty string, clear any existing
 message; let the minibuffer contents show.
@@ -3727,7 +3729,8 @@ If this command was invoked with the mouse, use a dialog box if
 `use-dialog-box' is non-nil.
 Otherwise, use the echo area.
 The first argument is a format control string, and the rest are data
-to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format' for details.
+to be formatted under control of the string.  See `format-message' for
+details.
 
 If the first argument is nil or the empty string, clear any existing
 message; let the minibuffer contents show.