Update English tutorial.
* etc/tutorials/TUTORIAL: Don't give instructions for old-style X scrollbars. Use DEL terminology instead of DelBack. Improve description of graphical continuation lines and mode-line. Promote use of C-/ and C-SPC. Remove discussion of flow control.
This commit is contained in:
Chong Yidong
parent
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3 changed files with 176 additions and 190 deletions
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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ names of the people who have checked it.
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SECTION READERS
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----------------------------------
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TUTORIAL
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TUTORIAL cyd
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TUTORIAL.bg
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TUTORIAL.cn
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TUTORIAL.cs
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@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
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2012-01-10 Chong Yidong <cyd@gnu.org>
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* tutorials/TUTORIAL: Don't give instructions for old-style X
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scrollbars. Use DEL terminology instead of DelBack. Improve
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description of graphical continuation lines and mode-line.
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Promote use of C-/ and C-SPC. Remove discussion of flow control.
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2012-01-05 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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* refcards/calccard.tex, refcards/cs-dired-ref.tex:
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@ -217,21 +217,10 @@ screenful. For example, C-u 8 C-v scrolls the screen by 8 lines.
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This should have scrolled the screen up by 8 lines. If you would like
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to scroll it down again, you can give an argument to M-v.
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If you are using a windowed display, such as X or MS-Windows, there
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If you are using a graphical display, such as X or MS-Windows, there
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should be a tall rectangular area called a scroll bar on one side of
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the Emacs window. (There are other tall rectangles on either side of
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the Emacs display. These "fringes" are used for displaying
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continuation characters and other symbols. The scroll bar appears on
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only one side, and is the outermost column on that side.)
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You can scroll the text by clicking the mouse in the scroll bar.
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>> Try pressing the middle button at the top of the highlighted area
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within the scroll bar. This should scroll the text to a position
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determined by how high or low you click.
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>> Try moving the mouse up and down, while holding the middle button
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pressed down. You'll see that the text scrolls up and down as
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you move the mouse.
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the Emacs window. You can scroll the text by clicking the mouse in
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the scroll bar.
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If your mouse has a wheel button, you can also use this to scroll.
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@ -247,8 +236,8 @@ You can also use C-g to discard a numeric argument or the beginning of
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a command that you do not want to finish.
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>> Type C-u 100 to make a numeric argument of 100, then type C-g.
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Now type C-f. It should move just one character,
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because you canceled the argument with C-g.
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Now type C-f. It should move just one character, because you
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canceled the argument with C-g.
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If you have typed an <ESC> by mistake, you can get rid of it with a C-g.
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@ -274,9 +263,9 @@ disabled command, answer the question with "n".
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* WINDOWS
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---------
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Emacs can have several windows, each displaying its own text. We will
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explain later on how to use multiple windows. Right now we want to
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explain how to get rid of extra windows and go back to basic
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Emacs can have several "windows", each displaying its own text. We
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will explain later on how to use multiple windows. Right now we want
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to explain how to get rid of extra windows and go back to basic
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one-window editing. It is simple:
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C-x 1 One window (i.e., kill all other windows).
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@ -286,9 +275,9 @@ which contains the cursor, to occupy the full screen. It deletes all
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other windows.
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>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l.
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>> Type CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f.
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>> Type C-h k C-f.
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See how this window shrinks, while a new one appears
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to display documentation on the CONTROL-f command.
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to display documentation on the C-f command.
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>> Type C-x 1 and see the documentation listing window disappear.
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@ -302,39 +291,36 @@ These commands are two, three or four characters long.
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* INSERTING AND DELETING
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------------------------
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If you want to insert text, just type the text. Characters which you
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can see, such as A, 7, *, etc. are taken by Emacs as text and inserted
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immediately. Type <Return> (the carriage-return key) to insert a
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Newline character.
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If you want to insert text, just type the text. Ordinary characters,
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like A, 7, *, etc., are inserted as you type them. To insert a
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Newline character, type <Return> (this is the key on the keyboard
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which is sometimes labeled "Enter").
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You can delete the last character you typed by typing <Delback>.
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<Delback> is a key on the keyboard--the same one you normally use,
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outside Emacs, for deleting the last character you typed. It is
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normally a large key a couple of lines up from the <Return> key, and
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it is usually labeled "Delete", "Del" or "Backspace".
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To delete <DEL> the character immediately before the current cursor
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position, type <DEL>. This is the key on the keyboard usually labeled
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"Backspace"--the same one you normally use, outside Emacs, to delete
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the last character typed.
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If the large key there is labeled "Backspace", then that's the one you
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use for <Delback>. There may also be another key labeled "Delete"
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somewhere else, but that's not <Delback>.
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There may also be another key on your keyboard labeled <Delete>, but
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that's not the one we refer to as <DEL>.
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More generally, <Delback> deletes the character immediately before the
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current cursor position.
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>> Do this now--type a few characters, then delete them
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by typing <Delback> a few times. Don't worry about this file
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being changed; you will not alter the master tutorial. This is
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your personal copy of it.
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>> Do this now--type a few characters, then delete them by
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typing <DEL> a few times. Don't worry about this file
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being changed; you will not alter the master tutorial.
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This is your personal copy of it.
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When a line of text gets too big for one line on the screen, the line
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of text is "continued" onto a second screen line. A backslash ("\")
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(or, if you're using a windowed display, a little curved arrow) at the
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right margin (actually, in the right "fringe") indicates a line which
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has been continued.
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of text is "continued" onto a second screen line. If you're using a
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graphical display, little curved arrows appear in the narrow spaces on
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each side of the text area (the left and right "fringes"), to indicate
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where a line has been continued. If you're using a text terminal, the
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continued line is indicated by a backslash ("\") on the rightmost
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screen column.
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>> Insert text until you reach the right margin, and keep on inserting.
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You'll see a continuation line appear.
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>> Use <Delback>s to delete the text until the line fits on one screen
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>> Use <DEL>s to delete the text until the line fits on one screen
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line again. The continuation line goes away.
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You can delete a Newline character just like any other character.
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@ -342,7 +328,7 @@ Deleting the Newline character between two lines merges them into
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one line. If the resulting combined line is too long to fit in the
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screen width, it will be displayed with a continuation line.
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>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line and type <Delback>. This
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>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line and type <DEL>. This
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merges that line with the previous line.
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>> Type <Return> to reinsert the Newline you deleted.
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@ -357,24 +343,26 @@ You've now learned the most basic way of typing something in
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Emacs and correcting errors. You can delete by words or lines
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as well. Here is a summary of the delete operations:
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<Delback> Delete the character just before the cursor
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<DEL> Delete the character just before the cursor
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C-d Delete the next character after the cursor
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M-<Delback> Kill the word immediately before the cursor
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M-<DEL> Kill the word immediately before the cursor
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M-d Kill the next word after the cursor
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C-k Kill from the cursor position to end of line
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M-k Kill to the end of the current sentence
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Notice that <Delback> and C-d vs M-<Delback> and M-d extend the parallel
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started by C-f and M-f (well, <Delback> is not really a control
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character, but let's not worry about that). C-k and M-k are like C-e
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and M-e, sort of, in that lines are paired with sentences.
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Notice that <DEL> and C-d vs M-<DEL> and M-d extend the parallel
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started by C-f and M-f (well, <DEL> is not really a control character,
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but let's not worry about that). C-k and M-k are like C-e and M-e,
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sort of, in that lines are paired with sentences.
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You can also kill any part of the text with one uniform method. Move
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to one end of that part, and type C-@ or C-<SPC> (either one). (<SPC>
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is the Space bar.) Move to the other end of that part, and type C-w.
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That kills all the text between the two positions.
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You can also kill a segment of text with one uniform method. Move to
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one end of that part, and type C-<SPC>. (<SPC> is the Space bar.)
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Next, move the cursor to the other end of the text you intend to kill.
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As you do this, Emacs highlights the text between the cursor and the
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position where you typed C-<SPC>. Finally, type C-w. This kills all
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the text between the two positions.
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>> Move the cursor to the Y at the start of the previous paragraph.
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>> Type C-<SPC>. Emacs should display a message "Mark set"
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@ -391,10 +379,10 @@ Reinsertion of killed text is called "yanking". Generally, the
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commands that can remove a lot of text kill the text (they are set up so
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that you can yank the text), while the commands that remove just one
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character, or only remove blank lines and spaces, do deletion (so you
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cannot yank that text). <Delback> and C-d do deletion in the simplest
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cannot yank that text). <DEL> and C-d do deletion in the simplest
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case, with no argument. When given an argument, they kill instead.
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>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line which is not empty.
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>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line which is not empty.
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Then type C-k to kill the text on that line.
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>> Type C-k a second time. You'll see that it kills the Newline
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which follows that line.
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@ -405,13 +393,13 @@ treats a numeric argument specially: it kills that many lines AND
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their contents. This is not mere repetition. C-u 2 C-k kills two
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lines and their newlines; typing C-k twice would not do that.
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Bringing back killed text is called "yanking". (Think of it as
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yanking back, or pulling back, some text that was taken away.) You
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can yank the killed text either at the same place where it was killed,
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or at some other place in the text you are editing, or even in a
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different file. You can yank the same text several times; that makes
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multiple copies of it. Some other editors call killing and yanking
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"cutting" and "pasting" (see the Glossary in the Emacs manual).
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Reinserting killed text is called "yanking". (Think of it as yanking
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back, or pulling back, some text that was taken away.) You can yank
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the killed text either at the same place where it was killed, or at
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some other place in the text you are editing, or even in a different
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file. You can yank the same text several times; that makes multiple
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copies of it. Some other editors call killing and yanking "cutting"
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and "pasting" (see the Glossary in the Emacs manual).
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The command for yanking is C-y. It reinserts the last killed text,
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at the current cursor position.
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@ -454,27 +442,25 @@ recent kill).
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------
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If you make a change to the text, and then decide that it was a
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mistake, you can undo the change with the undo command, C-x u.
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mistake, you can undo the change with the undo command, C-/.
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Normally, C-x u undoes the changes made by one command; if you repeat
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the C-x u several times in a row, each repetition undoes one
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additional command.
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Normally, C-/ undoes the changes made by one command; if you repeat
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C-/ several times in a row, each repetition undoes one more command.
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But there are two exceptions: commands that do not change the text do
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not count (this includes cursor motion commands and scrolling
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But there are two exceptions: commands that do not change the text
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don't count (this includes cursor motion commands and scrolling
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commands), and self-inserting characters are usually handled in groups
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of up to 20. (This is to reduce the number of C-x u's you have to
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type to undo insertion of text.)
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of up to 20. (This is to reduce the number of C-/'s you have to type
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to undo insertion of text.)
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>> Kill this line with C-k, then type C-x u and it should reappear.
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>> Kill this line with C-k, then type C-/ and it should reappear.
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C-_ is an alternative undo command; it works just the same as C-x u,
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but it is easier to type several times in a row. The disadvantage of
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C-_ is that on some keyboards it is not obvious how to type it. That
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is why we provide C-x u as well. On some terminals, you can type C-_
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by typing / while holding down CONTROL.
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C-_ is an alternative undo command; it works exactly the same as C-/.
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On some text terminals, typing C-/ actually sends C-_ to Emacs.
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Alternatively, C-x u also works exactly like C-/, but is a little less
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convenient to type.
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A numeric argument to C-_ or C-x u acts as a repeat count.
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A numeric argument to C-/, C-_, or C-x u acts as a repeat count.
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You can undo deletion of text just as you can undo killing of text.
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The distinction between killing something and deleting it affects
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@ -485,9 +471,9 @@ whether you can yank it with C-y; it makes no difference for undo.
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-------
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In order to make the text you edit permanent, you must put it in a
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file. Otherwise, it will go away when your invocation of Emacs goes
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away. In order to put your text in a file, you must "find" the file
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before you enter the text. (This is also called "visiting" the file.)
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file. Otherwise, it will go away when you exit Emacs. In order to
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put your text in a file, you must "find" the file before you enter the
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text. (This is also called "visiting" the file.)
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Finding a file means that you see the contents of the file within
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Emacs. In many ways, it is as if you were editing the file itself.
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@ -498,17 +484,16 @@ you save, Emacs leaves the original file under a changed name in case
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you later decide that your changes were a mistake.
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If you look near the bottom of the screen you will see a line that
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begins with dashes, and starts with "--:--- TUTORIAL" or something
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begins with dashes, and starts with " -:--- TUTORIAL" or something
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like that. This part of the screen normally shows the name of the
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file that you are visiting. Right now, you are visiting a file called
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"TUTORIAL" which is your personal scratch copy of the Emacs tutorial.
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When you find a file with Emacs, that file's name will appear in that
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precise spot.
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file that you are visiting. Right now, you are visiting your personal
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copy of the Emacs tutorial, which is called "TUTORIAL". When you find
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a file with Emacs, that file's name will appear in that precise spot.
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One special thing about the command for finding a file is that you
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have to say what file name you want. We say the command "reads an
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argument from the terminal" (in this case, the argument is the name of
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the file). After you type the command
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argument" (in this case, the argument is the name of the file). After
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you type the command
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C-x C-f Find a file
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@ -525,13 +510,12 @@ you can cancel the command with C-g.
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minibuffer. So you do not find any file.
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When you have finished entering the file name, type <Return> to
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terminate it. The C-x C-f command goes to work, and finds the file
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you chose. The minibuffer disappears when the C-x C-f command is
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finished.
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terminate it. The minibuffer disappears, and the C-x C-f command goes
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to work to find the file you chose.
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In a little while the file contents appear on the screen, and you can
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edit the contents. When you wish to make your changes permanent,
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type the command
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The file contents now appear on the screen, and you can edit the
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contents. When you wish to make your changes permanent, type the
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command
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C-x C-s Save the file
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@ -544,8 +528,9 @@ When saving is finished, Emacs displays the name of the file written.
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You should save fairly often, so that you will not lose very much
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work if the system should crash (see the section "Auto Save" below).
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>> Type C-x C-s, saving your copy of the tutorial.
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This should show "Wrote ...TUTORIAL" at the bottom of the screen.
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>> Type C-x C-s TUTORIAL <Return>.
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This should save this tutorial to a file named TUTORIAL, and show
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"Wrote ...TUTORIAL" at the bottom of the screen.
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You can find an existing file, to view it or edit it. You can also
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find a file which does not already exist. This is the way to create a
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@ -563,14 +548,9 @@ If you find a second file with C-x C-f, the first file remains
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inside Emacs. You can switch back to it by finding it again with
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C-x C-f. This way you can get quite a number of files inside Emacs.
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>> Create a file named "foo" by typing C-x C-f foo <Return>.
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Then insert some text, edit it, and save "foo" by typing C-x C-s.
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Finally, type C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return>
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to come back to the tutorial.
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Emacs stores each file's text inside an object called a "buffer".
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Finding a file makes a new buffer inside Emacs. To see a list of the
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buffers that currently exist in your Emacs job, type
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buffers that currently exist, type
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C-x C-b List buffers
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@ -589,22 +569,24 @@ that corresponds to a file, you can do it by visiting the file again
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with C-x C-f. But there is an easier way: use the C-x b command.
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In that command, you have to type the buffer's name.
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>> Type C-x b foo <Return> to go back to the buffer "foo" which holds
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the text of the file "foo". Then type C-x b TUTORIAL <Return>
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to come back to this tutorial.
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>> Create a file named "foo" by typing C-x C-f foo <Return>.
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Then type C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> to come back to this tutorial.
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Most of the time, the buffer's name is the same as the file name
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(without the file directory part). However, this is not always true.
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The buffer list you make with C-x C-b always shows you the name of
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every buffer.
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The buffer list you make with C-x C-b shows you both the buffer name
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and the file name of every buffer.
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ANY text you see in an Emacs window is always part of some buffer.
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Some buffers do not correspond to files. For example, the buffer
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named "*Buffer List*" does not have any file. It is the buffer which
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contains the buffer list that you made with C-x C-b. The buffer named
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"*Messages*" also does not correspond to any file; it contains the
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messages that have appeared on the bottom line during your Emacs
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session.
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Some buffers do not correspond to files. The buffer named
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"*Buffer List*", which contains the buffer list that you made with
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C-x C-b, does not have any file. This TUTORIAL buffer initially did
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not have a file, but now it does, because in the previous section you
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typed C-x C-s and saved it to a file.
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The buffer named "*Messages*" also does not correspond to any file.
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This buffer contains the messages that have appeared on the bottom
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line during your Emacs session.
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>> Type C-x b *Messages* <Return> to look at the buffer of messages.
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Then type C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> to come back to this tutorial.
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|
|
@ -646,23 +628,21 @@ session--this is the command C-x C-c. (Do not worry about losing
|
|||
changes you have made; C-x C-c offers to save each changed file before
|
||||
it kills Emacs.)
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using a graphical display that supports multiple
|
||||
applications in parallel, you don't need any special command to move
|
||||
from Emacs to another application. You can do this with the mouse or
|
||||
with window manager commands. However, if you're using a text
|
||||
terminal which can only show one application at a time, you need to
|
||||
"suspend" Emacs to move to any other program.
|
||||
If you are using a graphical display, you don't need any special
|
||||
command to move from Emacs to another application. You can do this
|
||||
with the mouse or with window manager commands. However, if you're
|
||||
using a text terminal which can only show one application at a time,
|
||||
you need to "suspend" Emacs to move to any other program.
|
||||
|
||||
C-z is the command to exit Emacs *temporarily*--so that you can go
|
||||
back to the same Emacs session afterward. When Emacs is running on a
|
||||
text terminal, C-z "suspends" Emacs; that is, it returns to the shell
|
||||
but does not destroy the Emacs. In the most common shells, you can
|
||||
resume Emacs with the `fg' command or with `%emacs'.
|
||||
but does not destroy the Emacs job. In the most common shells, you
|
||||
can resume Emacs with the `fg' command or with `%emacs'.
|
||||
|
||||
The time to use C-x C-c is when you are about to log out. It's also
|
||||
the right thing to use to exit an Emacs invoked under mail handling
|
||||
programs and other miscellaneous utilities, since they may not know
|
||||
how to cope with suspension of Emacs.
|
||||
programs and other miscellaneous utilities.
|
||||
|
||||
There are many C-x commands. Here is a list of the ones you have learned:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -683,7 +663,7 @@ bottom of the screen with M-x and you should type the name of the
|
|||
command; in this case, "replace-string". Just type "repl s<TAB>" and
|
||||
Emacs will complete the name. (<TAB> is the Tab key, usually found
|
||||
above the CapsLock or Shift key near the left edge of the keyboard.)
|
||||
End the command name with <Return>.
|
||||
Submit the command name with <Return>.
|
||||
|
||||
The replace-string command requires two arguments--the string to be
|
||||
replaced, and the string to replace it with. You must end each
|
||||
|
|
@ -729,18 +709,18 @@ shows them to you at the bottom of the screen in an area called the
|
|||
The line immediately above the echo area is called the "mode line".
|
||||
The mode line says something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
--:**- TUTORIAL 63% L749 (Fundamental)-----------------------
|
||||
-:**- TUTORIAL 63% L749 (Fundamental)
|
||||
|
||||
This line gives useful information about the status of Emacs and
|
||||
the text you are editing.
|
||||
|
||||
You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have
|
||||
found. NN% indicates your current position in the text; it means that
|
||||
NN percent of the text is above the top of the screen. If the top of
|
||||
the file is on the screen, it will say "Top" instead of " 0%". If the
|
||||
bottom of the text is on the screen, it will say "Bot". If you are
|
||||
looking at text so small that all of it fits on the screen, the mode
|
||||
line says "All".
|
||||
found. NN% indicates your current position in the buffer text; it
|
||||
means that NN percent of the buffer is above the top of the screen.
|
||||
If the top of the buffer is on the screen, it will say "Top" instead
|
||||
of " 0%". If the bottom of the buffer is on the screen, it will say
|
||||
"Bot". If you are looking at a buffer so small that all of it fits on
|
||||
the screen, the mode line says "All".
|
||||
|
||||
The L and digits indicate position in another way: they give the
|
||||
current line number of point.
|
||||
|
|
@ -783,7 +763,7 @@ differently.
|
|||
|
||||
To view documentation on your current major mode, type C-h m.
|
||||
|
||||
>> Use C-u C-v once or more to bring this line near the top of screen.
|
||||
>> Type C-l C-l to bring this line to the top of screen.
|
||||
>> Type C-h m, to see how Text mode differs from Fundamental mode.
|
||||
>> Type C-x 1 to remove the documentation from the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -829,10 +809,10 @@ that paragraph.
|
|||
* SEARCHING
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
Emacs can do searches for strings (these are groups of contiguous
|
||||
characters or words) either forward through the text or backward
|
||||
through it. Searching for a string is a cursor motion command;
|
||||
it moves the cursor to the next place where that string appears.
|
||||
Emacs can do searches for strings (a "string" is a group of contiguous
|
||||
characters) either forward through the text or backward through it.
|
||||
Searching for a string is a cursor motion command; it moves the cursor
|
||||
to the next place where that string appears.
|
||||
|
||||
The Emacs search command is "incremental". This means that the
|
||||
search happens while you type in the string to search for.
|
||||
|
|
@ -850,7 +830,7 @@ you want to search for. <Return> terminates a search.
|
|||
character to notice what happens to the cursor.
|
||||
Now you have searched for "cursor", once.
|
||||
>> Type C-s again, to search for the next occurrence of "cursor".
|
||||
>> Now type <Delback> four times and see how the cursor moves.
|
||||
>> Now type <DEL> four times and see how the cursor moves.
|
||||
>> Type <Return> to terminate the search.
|
||||
|
||||
Did you see what happened? Emacs, in an incremental search, tries to
|
||||
|
|
@ -859,27 +839,23 @@ go to the next occurrence of 'cursor' just type C-s again. If no such
|
|||
occurrence exists, Emacs beeps and tells you the search is currently
|
||||
"failing". C-g would also terminate the search.
|
||||
|
||||
(Note that on some systems, typing C-s will freeze the screen and you
|
||||
will see no further output from Emacs. This indicates that an
|
||||
operating system "feature" called "flow control" is intercepting the
|
||||
C-s and not letting it get through to Emacs. To unfreeze the screen,
|
||||
type C-q.)
|
||||
|
||||
If you are in the middle of an incremental search and type <Delback>,
|
||||
you'll notice that the last character in the search string is erased
|
||||
and the search backs up to the last place of the search. For
|
||||
instance, suppose you have typed "c", to search for the first
|
||||
occurrence of "c". Now if you type "u", the cursor will move
|
||||
to the first occurrence of "cu". Now type <Delback>. This erases
|
||||
the "u" from the search string, and the cursor moves back to
|
||||
the first occurrence of "c".
|
||||
If you are in the middle of an incremental search and type <DEL>, this
|
||||
the search "retreats" to an earlier location. If you type <DEL> just
|
||||
after you had typed C-s to advance to the next occurrence of a search
|
||||
string, the <DEL> moves the cursor back to an earlier occurrence. If
|
||||
there are no earlier occurrences, the <DEL> erases the last character
|
||||
in the search string. For instance, suppose you have typed "c", to
|
||||
search for the first occurrence of "c". Now if you type "u", the
|
||||
cursor will move to the first occurrence of "cu". Now type <DEL>.
|
||||
This erases the "u" from the search string, and the cursor moves back
|
||||
to the first occurrence of "c".
|
||||
|
||||
If you are in the middle of a search and type a control or meta
|
||||
character (with a few exceptions--characters that are special in
|
||||
a search, such as C-s and C-r), the search is terminated.
|
||||
character (with a few exceptions--characters that are special in a
|
||||
search, such as C-s and C-r), the search is terminated.
|
||||
|
||||
The C-s starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search
|
||||
string AFTER the current cursor position. If you want to search for
|
||||
C-s starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search string
|
||||
AFTER the current cursor position. If you want to search for
|
||||
something earlier in the text, type C-r instead. Everything that we
|
||||
have said about C-s also applies to C-r, except that the direction of
|
||||
the search is reversed.
|
||||
|
|
@ -888,17 +864,17 @@ the search is reversed.
|
|||
* MULTIPLE WINDOWS
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
One of the nice features of Emacs is that you can display more than one
|
||||
window on the screen at the same time. (Note that Emacs uses the term
|
||||
"frames"--described in the next section--for what some other
|
||||
One of the nice features of Emacs is that you can display more than
|
||||
one window on the screen at the same time. (Note that Emacs uses the
|
||||
term "frames"--described in the next section--for what some other
|
||||
applications call "windows". The Emacs manual contains a Glossary of
|
||||
Emacs terms.)
|
||||
|
||||
>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l (that's CONTROL-L, not
|
||||
CONTROL-1).
|
||||
>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-l C-l.
|
||||
|
||||
>> Now type C-x 2 which splits the screen into two windows.
|
||||
Both windows display this tutorial. The cursor stays in the top window.
|
||||
Both windows display this tutorial. The editing cursor stays in
|
||||
the top window.
|
||||
|
||||
>> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.
|
||||
(If you do not have a real META key, type <ESC> C-v.)
|
||||
|
|
@ -910,23 +886,24 @@ Emacs terms.)
|
|||
>> Type C-x o again to move the cursor back to the top window.
|
||||
The cursor in the top window is just where it was before.
|
||||
|
||||
You can keep using C-x o to switch between the windows. Each
|
||||
window has its own cursor position, but only one window actually
|
||||
shows the cursor. All the ordinary editing commands apply to the
|
||||
window that the cursor is in. We call this the "selected window".
|
||||
You can keep using C-x o to switch between the windows. The "selected
|
||||
window", where most editing takes place, is the one with a prominent
|
||||
cursor which blinks when you are not typing. The other windows have
|
||||
their own cursor positions; if you are running Emacs in a graphical
|
||||
display, those cursors are drawn as unblinking hollow boxes.
|
||||
|
||||
The command C-M-v is very useful when you are editing text in one
|
||||
window and using the other window just for reference. You can keep
|
||||
the cursor always in the window where you are editing, and advance
|
||||
through the other window sequentially with C-M-v.
|
||||
window and using the other window just for reference. Without leaving
|
||||
the selected window, you can scroll the other window with C-M-v.
|
||||
|
||||
C-M-v is an example of a CONTROL-META character. If you have a real
|
||||
META key, you can type C-M-v by holding down both CONTROL and META while
|
||||
typing v. It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first,"
|
||||
because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type.
|
||||
C-M-v is an example of a CONTROL-META character. If you have a META
|
||||
(or Alt) key, you can type C-M-v by holding down both CONTROL and META
|
||||
while typing v. It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes
|
||||
first," as both of these keys act by modifying the characters you
|
||||
type.
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not have a real META key, and you use <ESC> instead, the
|
||||
order does matter: you must type <ESC> followed by CONTROL-v, because
|
||||
If you do not have a META key, and you use <ESC> instead, the order
|
||||
does matter: you must type <ESC> followed by CONTROL-v, because
|
||||
CONTROL-<ESC> v will not work. This is because <ESC> is a character
|
||||
in its own right, not a modifier key.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -953,10 +930,12 @@ Here is another way to use two windows to display two different things:
|
|||
* MULTIPLE FRAMES
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Emacs can also create multiple "frames" (unless you are using a
|
||||
text-only terminal). A frame is what we call one collection of
|
||||
windows, together with its menus, scroll bars, echo area, etc.
|
||||
(Some other applications call a frame a "window".)
|
||||
Emacs can also create multiple "frames". A frame is what we call one
|
||||
collection of windows, together with its menus, scroll bars, echo
|
||||
area, etc. On graphical displays, what Emacs calls a "frame" is what
|
||||
most other applications call a "window". Multiple graphical frames
|
||||
can be shown on the screen at the same time. On a text terminal, only
|
||||
one frame can be shown at a time.
|
||||
|
||||
>> Type M-x make-frame <Return>.
|
||||
See a new frame appear on your screen.
|
||||
|
|
@ -967,10 +946,10 @@ There is nothing special about the first frame.
|
|||
>> Type M-x delete-frame <Return>.
|
||||
This removes the selected frame.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also remove a frame by using the normal method provided by
|
||||
your window manager (often clicking a button with an "X" at a top
|
||||
corner of the frame). No information is lost when you close a frame
|
||||
(or window), it is simply removed from sight and can be restored later.
|
||||
You can also remove a frame by using the normal method provided by the
|
||||
graphical system (often clicking a button with an "X" at a top corner
|
||||
of the frame). If you remove the Emacs job's last frame this way,
|
||||
that exits Emacs.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS
|
||||
|
|
@ -1035,11 +1014,11 @@ To get more information about a command, use C-h k instead of C-h c.
|
|||
|
||||
>> Type C-h k C-p.
|
||||
|
||||
This displays the documentation of the function, as well as its
|
||||
name, in an Emacs window. When you are finished reading the
|
||||
output, type C-x 1 to get rid of the help text. You do not have
|
||||
to do this right away. You can do some editing while referring
|
||||
to the help text, and then type C-x 1.
|
||||
This displays the documentation of the function, as well as its name,
|
||||
in an Emacs window. When you are finished reading the output, type
|
||||
C-x 1 to get rid of that window. You do not have to do this right
|
||||
away. You can do some editing while referring to the help text, and
|
||||
then type C-x 1.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some other useful C-h options:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue