emacs/lisp/emacs-lisp/timer.el

;;; timer.el --- run a function with args at some time in future -*- lexical-binding: t -*-

;; Copyright (C) 1996, 2001-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Maintainer: emacs-devel@gnu.org
;; Package: emacs

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; This package gives you the capability to run Emacs Lisp commands at
;; specified times in the future, either as one-shots or periodically.

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))

;; If you change this structure, you also have to change `timerp'
;; (below) and decode_timer in keyboard.c.
(cl-defstruct (timer
               (:constructor nil)
               (:copier nil)
               (:constructor timer--create ())
               (:type vector)
               (:conc-name timer--))
  ;; nil if the timer is active (waiting to be triggered),
  ;; non-nil if it is inactive ("already triggered", in theory).
  (triggered t)
  ;; Time of next trigger: for normal timers, absolute time, for idle timers,
  ;; time relative to idle-start.
  high-seconds low-seconds usecs
  ;; For normal timers, time between repetitions, or nil.  For idle timers,
  ;; non-nil iff repeated.
  repeat-delay
  function args                         ;What to do when triggered.
  idle-delay                            ;If non-nil, this is an idle-timer.
  psecs
  ;; A timer may be created with t as the TIME, which means that we
  ;; want to run at specific integral multiples of `repeat-delay'.  We
  ;; then have to recompute this (because the machine may have gone to
  ;; sleep, etc).
  integral-multiple)

(defun timer-create ()
  ;; BEWARE: This is not an eta-redex, because `timer--create' is inlinable
  ;; whereas `timer-create' should not be because we don't want to
  ;; hardcode the shape of timers in other .elc files.
  (timer--create))

(defun timerp (object)
  "Return t if OBJECT is a timer."
  (and (vectorp object)
       ;; Timers are now ten elements, but old .elc code may have
       ;; shorter versions of `timer-create'.
       (<= 9 (length object) 10)))

(defsubst timer--check (timer)
  (or (timerp timer) (signal 'wrong-type-argument (list #'timerp timer))))

(defun timer--time-setter (timer time)
  (timer--check timer)
  (let ((lt (time-convert time 'list)))
    (setf (timer--high-seconds timer) (nth 0 lt))
    (setf (timer--low-seconds timer) (nth 1 lt))
    (setf (timer--usecs timer) (nth 2 lt))
    (setf (timer--psecs timer) (nth 3 lt))
    time))

;; Pseudo field `time'.
(defun timer--time (timer)
  (declare (gv-setter timer--time-setter))
  (list (timer--high-seconds timer)
        (timer--low-seconds timer)
	(timer--usecs timer)
	(timer--psecs timer)))

(defun timer-set-time (timer time &optional delta)
  "Set the trigger time of TIMER to TIME.
TIME must be a Lisp time value.
If optional third argument DELTA is a positive number, make the timer
fire repeatedly that many seconds apart."
  (setf (timer--time timer) time)
  (setf (timer--repeat-delay timer) (and (numberp delta) (> delta 0) delta))
  timer)

(defun timer-set-idle-time (timer secs &optional repeat)
  ;; FIXME: Merge with timer-set-time.
  "Set the trigger idle time of TIMER to SECS.
SECS may be an integer, floating point number, or the internal
time format returned by, e.g., `current-idle-time'.
If optional third argument REPEAT is non-nil, make the timer
fire each time Emacs is idle for that many seconds."
  (setf (timer--time timer) secs)
  (setf (timer--repeat-delay timer) repeat)
  timer)

(defun timer-next-integral-multiple-of-time (time secs)
  "Yield the next value after TIME that is an integral multiple of SECS.
More precisely, the next value, after TIME, that is an integral multiple
of SECS seconds since the epoch.  SECS may be a fraction."
  (let* ((ticks-hz (time-convert time t))
	 (ticks (car ticks-hz))
	 (hz (cdr ticks-hz))
	 trunc-s-ticks)
    (while (let ((s-ticks (* secs hz)))
	     (setq trunc-s-ticks (truncate s-ticks))
	     (/= s-ticks trunc-s-ticks))
      (setq ticks (ash ticks 1))
      (setq hz (ash hz 1)))
    (let ((more-ticks (+ ticks trunc-s-ticks)))
      (time-convert (cons (- more-ticks (% more-ticks trunc-s-ticks)) hz) t))))

(defun timer-relative-time (time secs &optional usecs psecs)
  "Advance TIME by SECS seconds.

Optionally also advance it by USECS microseconds and PSECS
picoseconds.

SECS may be either an integer or a floating point number."
  (let ((delta secs))
    (if (or usecs psecs)
	(setq delta (time-add delta (list 0 0 (or usecs 0) (or psecs 0)))))
    (time-add time delta)))

(defun timer--time-less-p (t1 t2)
  "Say whether time value T1 is less than time value T2."
  (time-less-p (timer--time t1) (timer--time t2)))

(defun timer-inc-time (timer secs &optional usecs psecs)
  "Increment the time set in TIMER by SECS seconds.

Optionally also increment it by USECS microseconds, and PSECS
picoseconds.  If USECS or PSECS are omitted, they are treated as
zero.

SECS may be a fraction."
  (setf (timer--time timer)
        (timer-relative-time (timer--time timer) secs usecs psecs)))

(defun timer-set-function (timer function &optional args)
  "Make TIMER call FUNCTION with optional ARGS when triggering."
  (timer--check timer)
  (setf (timer--function timer) function)
  (setf (timer--args timer) args)
  timer)

(defun timer--activate (timer &optional triggered-p reuse-cell idle)
  (let ((timers (if idle timer-idle-list timer-list))
	last)
    (cond
     ((not (and (timerp timer)
	        (integerp (timer--high-seconds timer))
	        (integerp (timer--low-seconds timer))
	        (integerp (timer--usecs timer))
	        (integerp (timer--psecs timer))
	        (timer--function timer)))
      (error "Invalid or uninitialized timer"))
     ;; FIXME: This is not reliable because `idle-delay' is only set late,
     ;; by `timer-activate-when-idle' :-(
     ;;((not (eq (not idle)
     ;;          (not (timer--idle-delay timer))))
     ;; (error "idle arg %S out of sync with idle-delay field of timer: %S"
     ;;        idle timer))
     ((memq timer timers)
      (error "Timer already activated"))
     (t
      ;; Skip all timers to trigger before the new one.
      (while (and timers (timer--time-less-p (car timers) timer))
	(setq last timers
	      timers (cdr timers)))
      (if reuse-cell
	  (progn
	    (setcar reuse-cell timer)
	    (setcdr reuse-cell timers))
	(setq reuse-cell (cons timer timers)))
      ;; Insert new timer after last which possibly means in front of queue.
      (setf (cond (last (cdr last))
                  (idle timer-idle-list)
                  (t    timer-list))
            reuse-cell)
      (setf (timer--triggered timer) triggered-p)
      (setf (timer--idle-delay timer) idle)
      nil))))

(defun timer-activate (timer &optional triggered-p reuse-cell)
  "Insert TIMER into `timer-list'.
If TRIGGERED-P is t, make TIMER inactive (put it on the list, but
mark it as already triggered).  To remove it, use `cancel-timer'.

REUSE-CELL, if non-nil, is a cons cell to reuse when inserting
TIMER into `timer-list' (usually a cell removed from that list by
`cancel-timer-internal'; using this reduces consing for repeat
timers).  If nil, allocate a new cell."
  (timer--activate timer triggered-p reuse-cell nil))

(defun timer-activate-when-idle (timer &optional dont-wait reuse-cell)
  "Insert TIMER into `timer-idle-list'.
This arranges to activate TIMER whenever Emacs is next idle.
If optional argument DONT-WAIT is non-nil, set TIMER to activate
immediately \(see below), or at the right time, if Emacs is
already idle.

REUSE-CELL, if non-nil, is a cons cell to reuse when inserting
TIMER into `timer-idle-list' (usually a cell removed from that
list by `cancel-timer-internal'; using this reduces consing for
repeat timers).  If nil, allocate a new cell.

Using non-nil DONT-WAIT is not recommended when activating an
idle timer from an idle timer handler, if the timer being
activated has an idleness time that is smaller or equal to
the time of the current timer.  That's because the activated
timer will fire right away."
  (timer--activate timer (not dont-wait) reuse-cell 'idle))

(defalias 'disable-timeout #'cancel-timer)

(defun cancel-timer (timer)
  "Remove TIMER from the list of active timers."
  (timer--check timer)
  (setq timer-list (delq timer timer-list))
  (setq timer-idle-list (delq timer timer-idle-list))
  nil)

(defun cancel-timer-internal (timer)
  "Remove TIMER from the list of active timers or idle timers.
Only to be used in this file.  It returns the cons cell
that was removed from the timer list."
  (let ((cell1 (memq timer timer-list))
	(cell2 (memq timer timer-idle-list)))
    (if cell1
	(setq timer-list (delq timer timer-list)))
    (if cell2
	(setq timer-idle-list (delq timer timer-idle-list)))
    (or cell1 cell2)))

(defun cancel-function-timers (function)
  "Cancel all timers which would run FUNCTION.
This affects ordinary timers such as are scheduled by `run-at-time',
and idle timers such as are scheduled by `run-with-idle-timer'."
  (interactive "aCancel timers of function: ")
  (dolist (timer timer-list)
    (if (eq (timer--function timer) function)
        (setq timer-list (delq timer timer-list))))
  (dolist (timer timer-idle-list)
    (if (eq (timer--function timer) function)
        (setq timer-idle-list (delq timer timer-idle-list)))))

;; Record the last few events, for debugging.
(defvar timer-event-last nil
  "Last timer that was run.")
(defvar timer-event-last-1 nil
  "Next-to-last timer that was run.")
(defvar timer-event-last-2 nil
  "Third-to-last timer that was run.")

(defcustom timer-max-repeats 10
  "Maximum number of times to repeat a timer, if many repeats are delayed.
Timer invocations can be delayed because Emacs is suspended or busy,
or because the system's time changes.  If such an occurrence makes it
appear that many invocations are overdue, this variable controls
how many will really happen."
  :type 'integer
  :group 'internal)

(defun timer-until (timer time)
  "Calculate number of seconds from when TIMER will run, until TIME.
TIMER is a timer, and stands for the time when its next repeat is scheduled.
TIME is a Lisp time value."
  (float-time (time-subtract time (timer--time timer))))

(defun timer-event-handler (timer)
  "Call the handler for the timer TIMER.
This function is called, by name, directly by the C code."
  (setq timer-event-last-2 timer-event-last-1)
  (setq timer-event-last-1 timer-event-last)
  (setq timer-event-last timer)
  (let ((inhibit-quit t))
    (timer--check timer)
    (let ((retrigger nil)
          (cell
           ;; Delete from queue.  Record the cons cell that was used.
           (cancel-timer-internal timer)))
      ;; If `cell' is nil, it means the timer was already canceled, so we
      ;; shouldn't be running it at all.  This can happen for example with the
      ;; following scenario (bug#17392):
      ;; - we run timers, starting with A (and remembering the rest as (B C)).
      ;; - A runs and a does a sit-for.
      ;; - during sit-for we run timer D which cancels timer B.
      ;; - timer A finally finishes, so we move on to timers B and C.
      (when cell
        ;; Re-schedule if requested.
        (if (timer--repeat-delay timer)
            (if (timer--idle-delay timer)
                (timer-activate-when-idle timer nil cell)
              (timer-inc-time timer (timer--repeat-delay timer) 0)
              ;; If real time has jumped forward,
              ;; perhaps because Emacs was suspended for a long time,
              ;; limit how many times things get repeated.
              (if (and (numberp timer-max-repeats)
		       (time-less-p (timer--time timer) nil))
                  (let ((repeats (/ (timer-until timer nil)
                                    (timer--repeat-delay timer))))
                    (if (> repeats timer-max-repeats)
                        (timer-inc-time timer (* (timer--repeat-delay timer)
                                                 repeats)))))
              ;; If we want integral multiples, we have to recompute
              ;; the repetition.
              (when (and (> (length timer) 9) ; Backwards compatible.
                         (timer--integral-multiple timer)
                         (not (timer--idle-delay timer)))
                (setf (timer--time timer)
                      (timer-next-integral-multiple-of-time
		       nil (timer--repeat-delay timer))))
              ;; Place it back on the timer-list before running
              ;; timer--function, so it can cancel-timer itself.
              (timer-activate timer t cell)
              (setq retrigger t)))
        ;; Run handler.
        (condition-case-unless-debug err
            ;; Timer functions should not change the current buffer.
            ;; If they do, all kinds of nasty surprises can happen,
            ;; and it can be hellish to track down their source.
            (save-current-buffer
              (apply (timer--function timer) (timer--args timer)))
          (error (message "Error running timer%s: %S"
                          (if (symbolp (timer--function timer))
                              (format-message " `%s'" (timer--function timer))
                            "")
                          err)))
        (when (and retrigger
                   ;; If the timer's been canceled, don't "retrigger" it
                   ;; since it might still be in the copy of timer-list kept
                   ;; by keyboard.c:timer_check (bug#14156).
                   (memq timer timer-list))
          (setf (timer--triggered timer) nil))))))

;; This function is incompatible with the one in levents.el.
(defun timeout-event-p (event)
  "Non-nil if EVENT is a timeout event."
  (and (listp event) (eq (car event) 'timer-event)))


(declare-function diary-entry-time "diary-lib" (s))

(defun run-at-time (time repeat function &rest args)
  "Perform an action at time TIME.
Repeat the action every REPEAT seconds, if REPEAT is non-nil.
REPEAT may be an integer or floating point number.
TIME should be one of:

- a string giving today's time like \"11:23pm\"
  (the acceptable formats are HHMM, H:MM, HH:MM, HHam, HHAM,
  HHpm, HHPM, HH:MMam, HH:MMAM, HH:MMpm, or HH:MMPM;
  a period `.' can be used instead of a colon `:' to separate
  the hour and minute parts);

- a string giving a relative time like \"90\" or \"2 hours 35 minutes\"
  (the acceptable forms are a number of seconds without units
  or some combination of values using units in `timer-duration-words');

- nil, meaning now;

- a number of seconds from now;

- a value from `encode-time';

- or t (with non-nil REPEAT) meaning the next integral multiple
  of REPEAT.  This is handy when you want the function to run at
  a certain \"round\" number.  For instance, (run-at-time t 60 ...)
  will run at 11:04:00, 11:05:00, etc.

The action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS.

This function returns a timer object which you can use in
`cancel-timer'."
  (interactive "sRun at time: \nNRepeat interval: \naFunction: ")

  (when (and repeat
             (numberp repeat)
             (< repeat 0))
    (error "Invalid repetition interval"))

  (let ((timer (timer-create)))
    ;; Special case: nil means "now" and is useful when repeating.
    (unless time
      (setq time (current-time)))

    ;; Special case: t means the next integral multiple of REPEAT.
    (when (and (eq time t) repeat)
      (setq time (timer-next-integral-multiple-of-time nil repeat))
      (setf (timer--integral-multiple timer) t))

    ;; Handle numbers as relative times in seconds.
    (when (numberp time)
      (setq time (timer-relative-time nil time)))

    ;; Handle relative times like "2 hours 35 minutes".
    (when (stringp time)
      (when-let ((secs (timer-duration time)))
	(setq time (timer-relative-time nil secs))))

    ;; Handle "11:23pm" and the like.  Interpret it as meaning today
    ;; which admittedly is rather stupid if we have passed that time
    ;; already.  (Though only Emacs hackers hack Emacs at that time.)
    (when (stringp time)
      (require 'diary-lib)
      (let ((hhmm (diary-entry-time time))
	    (now (decode-time)))
	(when (>= hhmm 0)
	  (setq time (encode-time 0 (% hhmm 100) (/ hhmm 100)
                                  (decoded-time-day now)
			          (decoded-time-month now)
                                  (decoded-time-year now)
                                  (decoded-time-zone now))))))

    (timer-set-time timer time repeat)
    (timer-set-function timer function args)
    (timer-activate timer)
    timer))

(defun run-with-timer (secs repeat function &rest args)
  "Perform an action after a delay of SECS seconds.
Repeat the action every REPEAT seconds, if REPEAT is non-nil.
SECS and REPEAT may be integers or floating point numbers.
The action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS.

This function returns a timer object which you can use in `cancel-timer'."
  (interactive "sRun after delay (seconds): \nNRepeat interval: \naFunction: ")
  (apply #'run-at-time secs repeat function args))

(defun add-timeout (secs function object &optional repeat)
  "Add a timer to run SECS seconds from now, to call FUNCTION on OBJECT.
If REPEAT is non-nil, repeat the timer every REPEAT seconds.

This function returns a timer object which you can use in `cancel-timer'.
This function is for compatibility; see also `run-with-timer'."
  (run-with-timer secs repeat function object))

(defun run-with-idle-timer (secs repeat function &rest args)
  "Perform an action the next time Emacs is idle for SECS seconds.
The action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS.
SECS may be an integer, a floating point number, or the internal
time format returned by, e.g., `current-idle-time'.
If Emacs is currently idle, and has been idle for N seconds (N < SECS),
then it will call FUNCTION in SECS - N seconds from now.  Using
SECS <= N is not recommended if this function is invoked from an idle
timer, because FUNCTION will then be called immediately.

If REPEAT is non-nil, do the action each time Emacs has been idle for
exactly SECS seconds (that is, only once for each time Emacs becomes idle).

This function returns a timer object which you can use in `cancel-timer'."
  (interactive
   (list (read-from-minibuffer "Run after idle (seconds): " nil nil t)
	 (y-or-n-p "Repeat each time Emacs is idle? ")
	 (intern (completing-read "Function: " obarray #'fboundp t))))
  (let ((timer (timer-create)))
    (timer-set-function timer function args)
    (timer-set-idle-time timer secs repeat)
    (timer-activate-when-idle timer t)
    timer))

(defvar with-timeout-timers nil
  "List of all timers used by currently pending `with-timeout' calls.")

(defmacro with-timeout (list &rest body)
  "Run BODY, but if it doesn't finish in SECONDS seconds, give up.
If we give up, we run the TIMEOUT-FORMS and return the value of the last one.
The timeout is checked whenever Emacs waits for some kind of external
event (such as keyboard input, input from subprocesses, or a certain time);
if the program loops without waiting in any way, the timeout will not
be detected.
\n(fn (SECONDS TIMEOUT-FORMS...) BODY)"
  (declare (indent 1) (debug ((form body) body)))
  (let ((seconds (car list))
	(timeout-forms (cdr list))
        (timeout (make-symbol "timeout")))
    `(let ((-with-timeout-value-
            (catch ',timeout
              (let* ((-with-timeout-timer-
                      (run-with-timer ,seconds nil
                                      (lambda () (throw ',timeout ',timeout))))
                     (with-timeout-timers
                         (cons -with-timeout-timer- with-timeout-timers)))
                (unwind-protect
                    (progn ,@body)
                  (cancel-timer -with-timeout-timer-))))))
       ;; It is tempting to avoid the `if' altogether and instead run
       ;; timeout-forms in the timer, just before throwing `timeout'.
       ;; But that would mean that timeout-forms are run in the deeper
       ;; dynamic context of the timer, with inhibit-quit set etc...
       (if (eq -with-timeout-value- ',timeout)
           (progn ,@timeout-forms)
         -with-timeout-value-))))

(defun with-timeout-suspend ()
  "Stop the clock for `with-timeout'.  Used by debuggers.
The idea is that the time you spend in the debugger should not
count against these timeouts.

The value is a list that the debugger can pass to `with-timeout-unsuspend'
when it exits, to make these timers start counting again."
  (mapcar (lambda (timer)
	    (cancel-timer timer)
	    (list timer (time-subtract (timer--time timer) nil)))
	  with-timeout-timers))

(defun with-timeout-unsuspend (timer-spec-list)
  "Restart the clock for `with-timeout'.
The argument should be a value previously returned by `with-timeout-suspend'."
  (dolist (elt timer-spec-list)
    (let ((timer (car elt))
	  (delay (cadr elt)))
      (timer-set-time timer (time-add nil delay))
      (timer-activate timer))))

(defun y-or-n-p-with-timeout (prompt seconds default-value)
  "Like (y-or-n-p PROMPT), with a timeout.
If the user does not answer after SECONDS seconds, return DEFAULT-VALUE."
  (with-timeout (seconds default-value)
    (y-or-n-p prompt)))

(defconst timer-duration-words
  (list (cons "microsec" 0.000001)
	(cons "microsecond" 0.000001)
        (cons "millisec" 0.001)
	(cons "millisecond" 0.001)
        (cons "sec" 1)
	(cons "second" 1)
	(cons "min" 60)
	(cons "minute" 60)
	(cons "hour" (* 60 60))
	(cons "day" (* 24 60 60))
	(cons "week" (* 7 24 60 60))
	(cons "fortnight" (* 14 24 60 60))
	(cons "month" (* 30 24 60 60))	  ; Approximation
	(cons "year" (* 365.25 24 60 60)) ; Approximation
	)
  "Alist mapping temporal words to durations in seconds.")

(defun timer-duration (string)
  "Return number of seconds specified by STRING, or nil if parsing fails."
  (let ((secs 0)
	(start 0)
	(case-fold-search t))
    (while (string-match
	    "[ \t]*\\([0-9.]+\\)?[ \t]*\\([a-z]+[a-rt-z]\\)s?[ \t]*"
	    string start)
      (let ((count (if (match-beginning 1)
		       (string-to-number (match-string 1 string))
		     1))
	    (itemsize (cdr (assoc (match-string 2 string)
				  timer-duration-words))))
	(if itemsize
	    (setq start (match-end 0)
		  secs (+ secs (* count itemsize)))
	  (setq secs nil
		start (length string)))))
    (if (= start (length string))
	secs
      (if (string-match-p "\\`[0-9.]+\\'" string)
	  (string-to-number string)))))

(defun internal-timer-start-idle ()
  "Mark all idle-time timers as once again candidates for running."
  (dolist (timer timer-idle-list)
    (if (timerp timer) ;; FIXME: Why test?
        (setf (timer--triggered timer) nil))))

(provide 'timer)

;;; timer.el ends here