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< h2 > Foundation< / h2 >
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< li > < a href = "../foundation-module/index.html" > foundation-module< / a > < / li >
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<!-- Weave of '4/chr' generated by 7 -->
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< ul class = "crumbs" > < li > < a href = "../webs.html" > Source< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html" > foundation< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html#4" > Chapter 4: Text Handling< / a > < / li > < li > < b > Characters< / b > < / li > < / ul > < p class = "purpose" > Individual characters.< / p >
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< ul class = "toc" > < li > < a href = "#SP1" > § 1. Character classes< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "#SP4" > § 4. Unicode composition< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "#SP5" > § 5. Accent stripping< / a > < / li > < / ul > < hr class = "tocbar" >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP1" > < / a > < b > § 1. Character classes. < / b > < / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::tolower< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > tolower< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::toupper< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > toupper< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::isalpha< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > isalpha< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::isdigit< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > isdigit< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::isupper< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > isupper< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::islower< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > islower< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::isalnum< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > isalnum< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::vowel< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > wchar_t< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > if< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > )) < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > TRUE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::tolower is used in 3/fln (< a href = "3-fln.html#SP9" > § 9< / a > ), 4/sm (< a href = "4-sm.html#SP25" > § 25< / a > ), 4/taa (< a href = "4-taa.html#SP2" > § 2< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::toupper appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::isalpha is used in 2/wal (< a href = "2-wal.html#SP5" > § 5< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::isdigit is used in 2/wal (< a href = "2-wal.html#SP5" > § 5< / a > ), 3/fln (< a href = "3-fln.html#SP9" > § 9< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::isupper appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::islower appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::isalnum appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::vowel appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP2" > < / a > < b > § 2. < / b > White space classes:
< / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::is_space_or_tab< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > if< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > ' '< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > t< / span > < span class = "character" > '< / span > < span class = "plain" > )) < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > TRUE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::is_whitespace< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > if< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > ' '< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > t< / span > < span class = "character" > '< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > n< / span > < span class = "character" > '< / span > < span class = "plain" > )) < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > TRUE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::is_space_or_tab is used in 2/dl (< a href = "2-dl.html#SP4_2" > § 4.2< / a > ), 4/sm (< a href = "4-sm.html#SP22" > § 22< / a > , < a href = "4-sm.html#SP23" > § 23< / a > ), 4/pm (< a href = "4-pm.html#SP13" > § 13< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::is_whitespace appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP3" > < / a > < b > § 3. < / b > These are all the characters which would come out as whitespace in the
sense of the Treaty of Babel rules on leading and trailing spaces in
iFiction records.
< / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::is_babel_whitespace< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > if< / span > < span class = "plain" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > ' '< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > t< / span > < span class = "character" > '< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > x< / span > < span class = "character" > 0a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > )< / span >
< span class = "plain" > || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "character" > '\< / span > < span class = "plain" > x< / span > < span class = "character" > 0d'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > c< / span > < span class = "plain" > == < / span > < span class = "constant" > NEWLINE_IN_STRING< / span > < span class = "plain" > )) < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > TRUE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "constant" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::is_babel_whitespace is used in 4/sm (< a href = "4-sm.html#SP23" > § 23< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP4" > < / a > < b > § 4. Unicode composition. < / b > A routine which converts the Unicode combining accents with letters,
sufficient correctly to handle all characters in the ZSCII set.
< / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::combine_accent< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > accent< / span > < span class = "plain" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > accent< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0300< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining grave< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE0< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE8< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEC< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF2< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF9< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC0< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'E'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC8< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'I'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCC< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD2< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'U'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD9< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0301< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining acute< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE1< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE9< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xED< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF3< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFA< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'y'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFF< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC1< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'E'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC9< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'I'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCD< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD3< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'U'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDA< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0302< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining circumflex< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE2< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEA< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF4< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFB< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC2< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'E'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCA< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'I'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCE< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD4< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'U'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDB< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0303< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining tilde< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE3< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'n'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF1< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF5< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC3< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'N'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD1< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD5< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0308< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining diaeresis< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE4< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEB< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFC< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF6< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEF< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC4< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'E'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCB< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'U'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDC< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD6< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'I'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCF< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > x0327< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "comment" > Unicode combining cedilla< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > letter< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'c'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE7< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > 'C'< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC7< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "character" > '?'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::combine_accent is used in 2/str (< a href = "2-str.html#SP35" > § 35< / a > ).< / p >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP5" > < / a > < b > § 5. Accent stripping. < / b > It's occasionally useful to simplify text used as a filename by removing
the more obvious accents from it.
< / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::make_filename_safe< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::remove_accent< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > );< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > if< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > > = 128) < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > '-'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::make_filename_safe appears nowhere else.< / p >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < a id = "SP6" > < / a > < b > § 6. < / b > The following strips the accent, if present, from an ISO Latin-1 character:
< / p >
< pre class = "display" >
< span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "functiontext" > Characters::remove_accent< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved" > int< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC0< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC1< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC2< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC3< / span > < span class = "plain" > :< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC4< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC5< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'A'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE0< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE1< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE2< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE3< / span > < span class = "plain" > :< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE4< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE5< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'a'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC8< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC9< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCA< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCB< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'E'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE8< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE9< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEA< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEB< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'e'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCC< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCD< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCE< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xCF< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'I'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEC< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xED< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEE< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xEF< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'i'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD2< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD3< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD4< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD5< / span > < span class = "plain" > :< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD6< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD8< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'O'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF2< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF3< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF4< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF5< / span > < span class = "plain" > :< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF6< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF8< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'o'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD9< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDA< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDB< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDC< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'U'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF9< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFA< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFB< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFC< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'u'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDD< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'Y'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xFD< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'y'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xD1< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'N'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xF1< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'n'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xC7< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'C'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xE7< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 'c'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > case< / span > < span class = "plain" > 0< / span > < span class = "identifier" > xDF< / span > < span class = "plain" > : < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > = < / span > < span class = "character" > 's'< / span > < span class = "plain" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved" > break< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved" > return< / span > < span class = "plain" > < / span > < span class = "identifier" > charcode< / span > < span class = "plain" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "inwebparagraph" > < / p >
< p class = "endnote" > The function Characters::remove_accent is used in < a href = "#SP5" > § 5< / a > .< / p >
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< hr class = "tocbar" >
< ul class = "toc" > < li > < i > (This section begins Chapter 4: Text Handling.)< / i > < / li > < li > < a href = "4-cst.html" > Continue with 'C Strings'< / a > < / li > < / ul > < hr class = "tocbar" >
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<!-- End of weave -->
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< / main >
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< / body >
< / html >
